Prospect of Refractory for Hydrogen Metallurgy—A Review

In order to achieve the national goal of "carbon compliance and carbon neutrality", the steel industry will adopt hydrogen as a partial or complete replacement of fossil energy as a reducing agent for iron ore, which is the future development direction. However, the research and development of refractory clearly lagged behind the requirement. This article was aimed to comprehensively discusses the common raw materials of different refractory materials, including oxides and non oxides, reacting in hydrogen gas, summarize the relevant issues of refractory materials used in hydrogen metallurgy, and finally look forward to promoting fire-resistant materials for hydrogen metallurgy technology in the steel industry.