Research Progress in Modification of Sr₂Fe_1+xMo_1-xO_6-δ Perovskite Anode for Solid Oxide Fuel Cells

Solid Oxide Fuel Cells (SOFCs) are a crucial component of the next-generation energy systems, with high energy conversion efficiency, a wide range of fuel options, absence of precious metal catalysts and environmental friendliness, as compared with the conventional power generation technologies. The anode, as a significant el ectrochemical reaction site within SOFC, greatly influences the cell performance. Over time, anode materials have evolved from initial precious metal-based ceramics to today’s oxide-based materials. Among these, the double perovskite, as a derivative of pe rovskite,has become the current mainstream choice. Sr₂Fe_1+xMo_1-xO_6-δ (SFMO), due to its outstanding conductivity, resistance to carbon deposition and sulfur tolerance, has gained widespread attention. However, there are still challenges to be addressed before commercialization. To further enhance the catalytic activity and stability of SFMO anodes, researchers have focused on material modification. This article is aimed to provide an overview on the research progress in improving the performance of SFMO anodes modified with various methods, including doping (A, B doping and A/B co-doping), A-site deficiency and surface modification. By comparing phase, structure and electrochemical performance of the anodes, the effects of the modification methods on electrochemical performance, long-term stability, and the ability to undergo hydrogen cleavage and oxidation reactions will be discussed.