Current status and trend of nitrous oxide propulsion technology

Both monopropellant and bipropellant rocket engines frequently employ nitrous oxide (N₂O) as a non-toxic, stable, and secure self-pressurizing propellant. It holds significant research value and application potential, especially in the field of attitude and orbit control propulsion. In addition to outlining research priorities and development recommendations for N₂O propulsion technology in the field of attitude and orbit control, this paper reviews the development history and current research status of several types of nitrous oxide-based propulsion systems, summarizes their features and advantages, and identifies the key technologies facilitating their engineering application. The aim is to provide valuable references for the innovation and engineering practice of aerospace attitude and orbit control propulsion systems.