Simulation analysis of human-machine closed-loop dynamics of aircraft landing and taxiing attitude under crosswind and wet runway conditions

Aiming at the problem that the aircraft is easy to deviate from the runway when landing and taxiing under slippery crosswind conditions, this paper takes the large civil aircraft A320 as the research object and uses Simulink to establish a dynamic model of aircraft landing and taxiing, including four components: wheels, landing gear, aircraft body, and pilot. Based on this model, a human-machine closed-loop simulation of aircraft taxiing under wet runway and crosswind conditions is conducted. An analysis is carried out on the landing roll attitude and yaw distance of the aircraft under different water film thicknesses, unbalanced friction, and crosswind intensities. The following conclusions are drawn: the water film thickness has a significant impact on the lateral controllability of the aircraft. A larger water thickness leads to increased peak and final values of the yaw angle, thus significantly increasing both the yaw distance and roll distance. A water film thickness of 10 mm or more can cause roll oscillations during the later stages of landing and taxiing, which greatly affects the aircraft’s lateral stability. Pavement friction imbalance has a considerable impact on runway excursion risk, with the maximum yaw distance reaching 24.75 m. The aircraft has already deviated from the runway, severely compromising landing and taxiing safety. The stronger the crosswind, the less effective the pilot’s attitude control becomes. When the crosswind speed increases to 13.9 m/s, the roll angle exceeds the safety threshold of 6° at 7.7 seconds into the taxiing phase. At this point, the aircraft’s engine or wingtip may have touched the ground, and the roll angle peaks at 6.57°. However, under this crosswind intensity, the yaw distance does not exceed half the width of the runway. This indicates that crosswind intensity has a significant effect on roll angle, far exceeding its impact on yaw distance. In wet runway management, strict control should be applied to water film thickness, with takeoff and landing prohibited at or above 13 mm, and crosswind speeds should be kept below 13.9 m/s.