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Publishing Language: Chinese | Open Access

State of the Art Immersion Liquid Cooling Technology for Power Battery Thermal Management Applications

Jianjie Zhu1, Yuan Zhuang1, Hongsheng Ouyang1,2, Yongjie Lu1, Yuhao Yan1, Xilei Wu1, Gongran Ye1, Cancan Zhang3, Yuting Wu3, Xiaohong Han1( )
Key Laboratory of Refrigeration and Cryogenic Technology of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Refrigeration and Cryogenics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
State Key Lab for Fluorine Greenhouse Gases Replacement and Control Treatment, Zhejiang Research Institute of Chemical Industry, Hangzhou, 310014, China
MOE Key Laboratory of Enhanced Heat Transfer and Energy Conservation, Beijing Key Laboratory of Heat Transfer and Energy Conversion, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, China
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Abstract

Battery thermal management systems are crucial components of pure electric vehicles. The promising application of liquid immersion technology in electronic equipment has also garnered increasing attention for its potential in battery thermal management. Power battery immersion liquid-cooling technology involves directly immersing the battery in dielectric liquid to dissipate heat through convection or phase-change heat transfer. This study analyzes the impact of temperature on battery performance and compares the advantages and limitations of different thermal management systems. The importance of immersion-based battery thermal management is emphasized. Key technical challenges and recent research advancements are reviewed in detail, including coolant selection, module design, and considerations for battery life and safety. Finally, commercially developed immersion cooling products for demonstration and exploration are introduced.

Keywords

power batterybattery thermal managementimmersion liquid coolingcoolantmodule design
CLC number: TB61+1;TM912;TQ051.5 Document code: A Article ID: 0253-4339(2025)02-0001-16

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Journal of Refrigeration
Volume 46 Issue 2,
April 2025
Pages 1-16
DOI: 10.12465/j.issn.0253-4339.2025.02.001

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Cite this article:
Zhu J, Zhuang Y, Ouyang H, et al. State of the Art Immersion Liquid Cooling Technology for Power Battery Thermal Management Applications. Journal of Refrigeration, 2025, 46(2): 1-16. https://doi.org/10.12465/j.issn.0253-4339.2025.02.001

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Received: 29 November 2023
Revised: 26 January 2024
Accepted: 29 January 2024
Published: 16 April 2025
© 2025 The Editorial Office of Journal of Refrigeration

This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0, http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).