Study on Urate-Lowering Effects of Sugarcane Polyphenol in Hyperuricemic Rats

Increasing dietary intake of bioactive substances with urate-lowering activity to prevent or alleviate hyperuricemia is a current research hotspot in the functional food field. Using a hyperuricemic rat model induced by hypoxanthine combined with potassium oxonate, the urate-lowering activity and multi-target regulatory effects of sugarcane polyphenols (SCP) were systematically evaluated. Experiments showed that SCP intervention (0.05 mg/g) significantly reduced serum uric acid level in hyperuricemic rats (P<0.05). The mechanism involved dual regulation of uric acid production and excretion. SCP inhibited hepatic xanthine oxidase activity to reduce uric acid synthesis, and modulated expression of renal urate transporters (URAT1, GLUT9 and ABCG2) to promote uric acid excretion. Furthermore, SCP significantly improved liver and kidney damage in hyperuricemic rats. Compared with the model group, serum blood urea nitrogen and creatinine levels decreased by 14.53% and 42.36% (P<0.05), while liver enzymes (ALT and AST) decreased by 15.84% and 17.07% (P<0.05). Pathological analysis revealed SCP intervention alleviated renal tubular necrosis, inflammatory cell infiltration, and structural damage to intestinal villi in hyperuricemic rats, while significantly suppressing renal expression of pro-inflammatory factors IL-1β and TNF-α (P<0.05). Results demonstrated SCP alleviated hyperuricemia-induced target organ damage through multi-target actions, namely “inhibiting production, promoting excretion, reducing inflammation”, providing theoretical reference for comprehensive utilization of sugarcane polyphenols as sugar production byproducts.