Study on Anti-Inflammatory and Sleep-Improving Efficacy of Actinidia kolomikta Fruit Flavonoid Extracts Based on Cellular and Drosophila Models

To evaluate the anti-inflammatory and sleep-improving properties of Actinidia kolomikta fruit flavonoid extract (AFFE), macrophage RAW264.7 inflammatory model, mouse hippocampal neuronal cells HT22, and Drosophila melanogaster were used as experimental subjects and the effects of AFFE on inflammatory mediators, neurotransmitters, and sleep duration were analyzed. The results showed that in lipopolysaccharide-induced RAW264.7 cells, 250 μg/mL AFFE reduced the production of NO, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) by 62.71%, 47.38%, and 65.53%, respectively. Additionally, the mRNA expressions of TNF-α and IL-6 were significantly down regulated (P<0.01), indicating that AFFE exhibited potent anti-inflammatory activity. In HT22 cells, 250 μg/mL AFFE significantly increased the production of the neurotransmitters γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) (P<0.01) and upregulated the mRNA expression of GABRA1, GABRA2, and 5-HT2A receptors. In the Drosophila melanogaster sleep deprivation model, male flies cultured in a medium containing 10% AFFE showed an 11.58% increase in total sleep duration, with no significant difference compared to the control group. LC-MS analysis identified 33 active components in AFFE, including 14 flavonoids. The study revealed a positive correlation between the increase in GABA and 5-HT production and the inhibition of NO, TNF-α, and IL-6 secretion, suggesting that the sleep-improving effects of AFFE were related to the anti-inflammatory properties of its flavonoid constituents.