Carbon emission responsibility accounting and allocation model for power systems considering wind power and load volatility

From the "whoever causes, whoever bears" principle for indirect carbon emission, if wind power and load volatility cause the change of the total carbon emission of the system, they should allocate the carbon responsibility or enjoy the carbon reduction benefit. Therefore, a carbon emission responsibility accounting and allocation model considering wind power and load volatility is proposed in this paper. Firstly, the time-varying carbon emission intensity of coal power units is calculated based on the coal consumption curve. Secondly, a day-ahead scheduling model is constructed to consider the deep peak regulation of coal power units. Then, an alternative scenario without peaking demand is constructed to equate the energy value of wind power and the total electricity demand of loads; a fluctuating scenario with peaking requirements induced by wind power and loads is constructed to calculate the marginal volatility carbon emission. The total carbon emission of corresponding scenarios is obtained by solving the corresponding scheduling model. Finally, the carbon emission flow theory is applied to allocate the responsibility of carbon emission under alternative scenarios in both directions on the power generation and consumption side according to a certain ratio. Shapley value is used to allocate the volatility carbon emissions between wind farms and loads. Case studies show that the proposed methodology clarifies the main body responsible for carbon emissions; effectively discounts and allocates the variation of carbon emissions caused by wind power and load volatility; reduces the pressure on carbon emissions of the peaking units, and mobilizes their motivation for peaking when the carbon market is gradually improved in the future; and avoids imposing an excessive "carbon burden" on wind farms.