Study of Distribution Structure for High Water-Based Hydraulic Motor

High water-based hydraulic motors can be used in fields such as coal mining, food, and underwater operation due to their medium-friendly nature. However, currently high water-based motors still use hydraulic oil motor structure, only replacing the medium with high-water-based emulsion. Traditional shaft and disk flow structures will suffer severe leakage and rusting phenomena under low-speed, high-pressure, and high water-based conditions. Additionally, the current valve flow structure problem is that one plunger needs to be equipped with two check valves, which causes the motor to have a larger volume, and the flow valves must be accurately matched. Otherwise, there will be channeling and fluid entrapment phenomena. In view of the above problems, a shuttle valve flow structure was proposed to control the motor flow distribution, which consists of a shuttle valve and a cam. The cam drives the plunger’s liquid intaking and discharging process. Firstly, the flow valve was structurally designed and theoretically analyzed, revealing its flow distribution principle. Secondly, the dynamic response characteristics of its parameters were analyzed in AMESim. The cam driven by the sine acceleration function curve was selected to control the valve core, and the flow-through hole with a diameter of 0.6 mm, with small pressure and flow fluctuations, was used. Additionally, the motor’s torque fluctuation was 7.39%, verifying the shuttle valve’s good flow distribution performance. Fluent simulation was used to optimize the valve’s internal flow field and select the notch structure with small pressure drop and uniform velocity distribution. Based on this, prototype preparation and experimental analysis were carried out. Under 16 MPa working condition, the plunger chamber can quickly build pressure, the pressure fluctuation at the inlet of the flow valve is 12.5%, and the leakage is 2 drops/min. It can be seen that after the shuttle valve is applied to the high water-based hydraulic motor, stable flow distribution can be achieved.