Study on the Choice of Morning Peak Departure Time of Heterogeneous Car Commuters Considering Travel Anxiety

Private car commuters were divided into two groups: group Ⅰ who feel anxious about road congestion and group Ⅱ who are more concerned about whether they can arrive punctually. The trip sensitivity coefficient (congestion anxiety coefficient, punctual anxiety coefficient) and the bottleneck tolerance coefficient were introduced to characterize the travel anxiety level of the two types of commuters. A new trip cost function was developed based on the standard bottleneck model and was applied to analyze indicators such as departure-rate, peak-start-end time and commuter-composition in single and shared routes. The results show that when there is only a certain type of commuters on the road, the increase of the congestion anxiety coefficient, bottleneck tolerance coefficient and punctual anxiety coefficient will reduce the total perceived travel cost of the system for commuters on a single line. The number of group Ⅱ increases, the total perceived travel cost of system decreases, and the peak period shifts forward as the punctual anxiety coefficient of group Ⅱ in mixed situation 1 rises; the total perceived travel cost of system falls as the bottleneck tolerance coefficient increases, while the peak period moves back. In the mixed situation 2, the congestion anxiety coefficient and the bottleneck tolerance coefficient of group Ⅰ have dual effects on the number of this group, and under the combinations of different bottleneck tolerance coefficient and congestion anxiety coefficient, the attractiveness of this group exhibits three different trends: monotonically decreasing, first decreasing and then increasing, and monotonically increasing.