Design and operational performance analysis of a mobile pond bottom environment control device

To address the problems of insufficient stability, limited operating range, uncontrollable trajectories, and susceptibility to aquatic weed entanglement in conventional pond bottom environment regulation devices, we designed a mobile pond bottom-environment regulation device. The device consisted of a mud-lifting module, a propulsion module, a hybrid power-supply module, and an intelligent path-planning module. Pond bottom disturbance and water-quality improvement were achieved through the mud-lifting module; a fin-paddle wheel propulsion mechanism was adopted to effectively prevent weed entanglement; solar panels were integrated to enhance endurance and operational stability; and autonomous navigation with high-coverage operation was realized through path planning based on disturbance bandwidth. The results show that the device achieved a daily water-lifting capacity of no less than 100 m³, a mud-disturbance bandwidth of 2 m, a traveling speed of 0.556~1.500 m·s⁻¹, an operating coverage rate of 90.5%, and a stable operating duration of 2 h per charge. Pond-bottom regulation experiments indicate that operation of the device increased bottom-layer dissolved oxygen by an average of 33.25%, transformed the redox environment from a weakly reducing state to a stable weakly oxidizing state, reduced the chlorophyll growth rate by 5.33%, and maintained stable pH values. Overall, the device demonstrates good performance in propulsion, intelligent path planning, and bottom-environment regulation, and thus has strong potential for practical application.