Effect of fluoride varnish, glass ionomer and resin sealant on the prevention of pit and fissure caries in young children

To study the effect of fluoride varnish, glass ionomer and resin sealant on the prevention of pit and fissure caries in young children, and to identify an a method to reduce the sensitivity of operation technique to prevent pit and fissure caries in young children with limited moisture isolation.

A self-control design was used to select 370 young children aged 3 to 5. Eight molars in the mouth were distributed in four quadrants, and each quadrant was randomly allocated to the blank group, fluoride varnish Duraphat group, glass ionomer GC Fuji Ⅶ group, and resin Clinpro^TM Sealant group. The retention rate of pit and fissure sealant and the incidence of primary molar caries were observed in the 6^th, 12^th, 24^th and 36^th months respectively.

In the 6^th month, 12^th month and 24^th month, there were no significant differences in the material retention rate between the GC Fuji Ⅶ group and Clinpro^TM Sealant group. In the 36^th month, the retention rate of the Clinpro^TM sealant group was better than that of the GC Fuji Ⅶ group (P < 0.05). In the 6^th month, the caries incidence in the Duraphat group, GC Fuji Ⅶ group and Clinpro^TM sealant group was significantly lower than that in the blank group (P < 0.001). There was no significant difference between the Duraphat group, GC Fuji Ⅶ group and Clinpro^TM sealant group. In the 12^th month, 24^th month and 36^th month, the incidence of caries in the GC Fuji Ⅶ group and Clinpro^TM sealant group was lower than that in the Duraphat group and blank group (P < 0.001), but there was no significant difference between the blank group and Duraphat group, and there was no significant difference in caries incidence between the GC Fuji Ⅶ group and Clinpro^TM sealant group.

The GC Fuji Ⅶ and Clinpro^TM sealant treatments continuously and effectively prevented pit and fissure caries compared with simple fluoride application. However, in cases of limited cooperation and poor moisture isolation in young children, the preventive measures of glass ionomer pits and fissure sealants (GC Fuji Ⅶ) are simpler and more feasible.