Research progress on factors affecting bacterial adhesion on the oral implant surface

Reducing the adhesion of microorganisms and the formation of biofilms on implant surfaces can prevent peri-implant inflammation and optimize the long-term prognosis of implanted dentures. To provide theoretical support for the development of new materials or the modification of existing materials and the improvement of the success rate of implant repair, a literature review was conducted, which shows that the factors influencing bacterial adhesion on dental implant surfaces included the type of implant material, material roughness, nonspecific physical and chemical properties, the type of antibacterial coating, the components of the acquired membrane on the implant surface, the structure of the bacterial cell wall, etc. The current research direction of implant materials aims to reduce bacterial adhesion and promote bone bonding. However, there is no consensus on the physical and chemical properties of implants that meet this requirement. At present, the development trend in implant materials is guided by research of the “core microbiome” of peri-implant inflammation, based on study of the factors related to the adhesion of pathogenic microorganisms to the implant surface, which is organically combined with a variety of modification methods to change the surface-related properties of the implant materials and even to endow the implant with antibacterial properties to reduce or inhibit the adhesion of pathogenic bacteria to the implant.