Anatomical morphology and treatment options for dens invaginatus

Dens invaginatus is a congenital tooth developmental malformation with substantial differences in anatomical morphology. Clinically it can be divided into malformed lingual fossa, root groove deformity, lingual cusp deformity and dens in dente. Most scholars believe that dens invaginatus is caused by the folding of the nipple during tooth development. Because of the complex anatomical shape, this condition often causes periodontal pulp joint lesions, which increases the difficulty of treatment. Therefore, this paper reviews the classification, morbidity, histopathology, clinical manifestations, imaging features and treatment methods of Oehlers crown indentation type Ⅲ and malformation of the root groove to provide a reference and basis for clinical treatment. The literature review results show that the use of CBCT contributes to the diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of dens invaginatus. A personalized treatment plan should be developed based on different conditions by combining periodontal pulp therapy, pulp microsurgery, pulp revascularization, intentional replantation and other treatment techniques to preserve the teeth and improve the cure and preservation rates of teeth.