Diagnosis and treatment of head and neck osteosarcoma

Osteosarcoma is the most common osteogenic malignancy of the head and neck, and its incidence in the upper mandible is predominant. Osteosarcoma of the head and neck has various causes and rich pathological subtypes. Diagnosis of osteosarcoma requires the synthesis of symptoms and imaging data and pathological characteristics (including cell characteristics, immunohistochemical characteristics and molecular markers). Surgery is the core treatment for osteosarcoma of the head and neck. Compartment resection based on the Enneking staging system has high practicability in the surgical treatment of osteosarcoma of the head and neck. Osteosarcoma can be treated by combined craniomandibular surgery to achieve complete resection of the tumor. The combination of adjuvant radiotherapy, adjuvant chemotherapy and surgery can further reduce the risk of local recurrence and distant tumor metastasis. The emergence of targeted therapy and immunotherapy provides more options for the treatment of head and neck osteosarcoma. This article reviews the diagnosis and treatment of osteosarcoma of the head and neck.