A case of maxillary second premolar with 3 teeth and 4 root canals and a literature review

To explore the discovery and treatment of multiple root canals in the maxillary second premolar to provide a reference for root canal therapy.

A case of maxillary second premolar occlusal discomfort accompanied by cold and heat stimulation pain and spontaneous pain was analyzed retrospectively.

In this case, the number of roots and root canals in the tooth was determined by CBCT to be three roots with four canals. Root canal therapy was performed with Ni-Ti endodontic files and thermoplastic gutta-percha via root optical microscopy. The clinical symptoms disappeared after the operation.

The maxillary second premolar root canal system is complex, and additional root canals can be found and located with CBCT and optical microscopy. High-quality root canal therapy was completed.