Current status and progress of periodontal regeneration therapy

Periodontitis is the most common oral disease and has a high incidence in humans. Periodontitis seriously affects the function of the oral and maxillofacial systems and is the most important cause of tooth loss in adults. In addition, as a long-term and persistent source of infection, periodontitis can not only trigger chronic inflammation and immune responses but also has an important impact on systemic health. Traditional periodontitis treatment focuses on inflammation control, and although this can prevent or delay the progression of the disease, satisfactory periodontal lesion tissue regeneration is difficult to obtain. With the introduction of new technologies and new materials such as guided tissue regeneration, bone grafting, growth factors and biological materials for the treatment of periodontitis, the method of periodontal tissue regeneration is more abundant, and the clinical effect has been greatly improved. In the future, stem cell transplantation and endogenous regeneration strategies are expected to become important methods for physiological and functional regeneration of periodontal lesions. This article briefly reviews the basic research and clinical application of periodontal tissue regeneration and forecasts the future development prospects and opportunities in this field.