The application of distraction osteogenesis in the temporomandibular joint ankylosis and secondary dentofacial deformities

Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) ankylosis is a joint disorder which refers to bone or fibrous adhesion of the anatomic joint components and the ensuing loss of function. When it occurs in children, it can cause secondary dentofacial deformities with physical and psychological disability. Correction of TMJ ankylosis and secondary deformities remains a great challenge for oral and maxillofacial surgeons. Distraction osteogenesis (DO) has been used for the treatment of TMJ ankylosis and secondary deformities with satisfactory outcomes. An average of 50-60 patients with TMJ ankylosis is referred to our department annually. In this review, we summarized the characteristics of DO and discussed some factors involved in the treatment of TMJ ankylosis with dentofacial deformities.