Microbial community characteristics of different varieties of straw based on high-throughput sequencing technology

The microbial communities and metabolic functions of indica and japonica rice straw before and after storage (0 d and 3 d) were analyzed, and the differences in the microbial communities of rice straw was explored using high-throughput sequencing. The results showed that the bacterial community richness and diversity of japonica rice straw were slightly higher than those of indica rice straw, while the fungal community diversity was the opposite. Before storage, the main dominant bacteria genus in the indica rice straw was Pantoea and the dominant fungal genus was Saccharopolyspora. After storage for 3 d, the dominant bacteria genera in the indica rice straw were Nocardiopsis and Saccharopolyspora, and the dominant fungi genus was Aspergillus. The main dominant bacterial genus in the japonica rice straw before and after storage was Methylobacterium, and the dominant fungi genus was Aspergillus. Metabolic pathways indicated that the genera Nocardia and Saccharopolyspora dominated the glycolysis pathway in indica rice straw, while Aspergillus had higher functional abundance in multiple metabolic pathways. In japonica rice straw, Pseudomonas is the main functional abundance in L-tyrosine degradation and sucrose degradation pathways. Indica rice straw had the core advantages of enhanced glycolysis and synthesis of flavor compounds, making it more suitable for improving the quality of Daqu fermentation, while japonica rice straw focused on the degradation of complex substances. Pseudomonas in indica rice straw was significantly positively correlated with Methylobacterium (P＜0.05), and highly significantly positively correlated with Sphingomonas (P＜0.001); Aspergillus, Fusarium, and Mycosphaerella were significantly associated with fungal succession.