Functional design of MXene-based composite and research progress in the field of intelligent electromagnetics

MXene, as a typical two-dimensional transition metal carbide/nitride, exhibits broad application prospects in intelligent electromagnetic fields owing to its exceptional electrical conductivity, tunable interlayer spacing and rich surface functionalization. This review systematically summarizes recent advances in the synthesis, performance modulation strategies and research progress of MXene-based composites within the domain of electromagnetic functional materials. Firstly, it introduces the fundamental structural and electronic characteristics of two-dimensional MXene and critically examine prevailing synthesis routes alongside the resulting microstructural features of MXene-based composites. Secondly, it deeply explores the performance control strategies for these composites, elucidating the underlying mechanisms of multidimensional interfacial optimization—including tailored structural design, targeted surface functionalization and synergistic hybridization. Finally, in response to the key challenges currently faced by MXene-based composite, such as inadequate environmental stability, underdeveloped scalable manufacturing protocols and difficulties in achieving balanced multifunctional integration—it proposes promising future research directions to facilitate their translation into high-end applications, particularly in aerospace and related advanced technological fields.