A combination of climate, tree diversity and local human disturbance determine the stability of dry Afromontane forests

Hadgu Hishe; Louis Oosterlynck; Kidane Giday; Wanda De Keersmaecker; Ben Somers; Bart Muys

doi:10.1186/s40663-021-00288-x

Forest Ecosystems 2021, 8(2): 16 https://doi.org/10.1186/s40663-021-00288-x

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Open Access | Issue | Published: 22 February 2021

A combination of climate, tree diversity and local human disturbance determine the stability of dry Afromontane forests

Show Author's Information Hide Author's Information Hadgu Hishe^{¹^,²}

(

), Louis Oosterlynck^¹, Kidane Giday^², Wanda De Keersmaecker^{¹^,³}, Ben Somers^¹, Bart Muys^¹

KU Leuven, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Division Forest, Nature and Landscape, Celestijnenlaan 200E, P.O. Box 2411, 3001, Leuven, Belgium

Department of Land Resource Management and Environmental Protection, Mekelle University, College of Dryland Agriculture and Natural Resources, P.O. Box 231, Mekelle, Tigray, Ethiopia

Laboratory of Geo-Information Science and Remote Sensing, Wageningen University, 6708 PB, Wageningen, The Netherlands

Keywords:

Restoration, Climate, Disturbance, Dryland, Tigray, Growth stability, Biodiversity function

Cite this article:

Hishe H, Oosterlynck L, Giday K, et al. A combination of climate, tree diversity and local human disturbance determine the stability of dry Afromontane forests. Forest Ecosystems, 2021, 8(2): 16. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40663-021-00288-x

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Abstract Full text About this article

Abstract

Background

Anthropogenic disturbances are increasingly affecting the vitality of tropical dry forests. The future condition of this important biome will depend on its capability to resist and recover from these disturbances. So far, the temporal stability of dryland forests is rarely studied, even though identifying the important factors associated with the stability of the dryland forests could serve as a basis for forest management and restoration.

Methodology

In a degraded dry Afromontane forest in northern Ethiopia, we explored remote sensing derived indicators of forest stability, using MODIS satellite derived NDVI time series from 2001 to 2018. Resilience and resistance were measured using the anomalies (remainders) after time series decomposition into seasonality, trend and remainder components. Growth stability was calculated using the integral of the undecomposed NDVI data. These NDVI derived stability indicators were then related to environmental factors of climate, topography, soil, tree species diversity, and local human disturbance, obtained from a systematic grid of field inventory plots, using boosted regression trees in R.

Results

Resilience and resistance were adequately predicted by these factors with an R² of 0.67 and 0.48, respectively, but the model for growth stability was weaker. Precipitation of the wettest month, distance from settlements and slope were the most important factors associated with resilience, explaining 51% of the effect. Altitude, temperature seasonality and humus accumulation were the significant factors associated with the resistance of the forest, explaining 61% of the overall effect. A positive effect of tree diversity on resilience was also important, except that the impact of species evenness declined above a threshold value of 0.70, indicating that perfect evenness reduced the resilience of the forest. Precipitation of the wettest month was the most important factor explaining 43.52% of the growth stability variation.

Conclusion

A combination of climate, topographic factors and local human disturbance controlled the stability of the dry forest. Also tree diversity is an important stability component that should be considered in the management and restoration programs of such degraded forests. If local disturbances are alleviated the recovery time of dryland forests could be shortened, which is vital to maintain the ecosystem services these forests provide to local communities and global climate change.

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About this article

A combination of climate, tree diversity and local human disturbance determine the stability of dry Afromontane forests

Show Author's information Hide Author's Information Hadgu Hishe^{¹^,²}

(

), Louis Oosterlynck^¹, Kidane Giday^², Wanda De Keersmaecker^{¹^,³}, Ben Somers^¹, Bart Muys^¹

KU Leuven, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Division Forest, Nature and Landscape, Celestijnenlaan 200E, P.O. Box 2411, 3001, Leuven, Belgium

Department of Land Resource Management and Environmental Protection, Mekelle University, College of Dryland Agriculture and Natural Resources, P.O. Box 231, Mekelle, Tigray, Ethiopia

Laboratory of Geo-Information Science and Remote Sensing, Wageningen University, 6708 PB, Wageningen, The Netherlands

Abstract

Background

Methodology

Results

Conclusion

Keywords: Restoration, Climate, Disturbance, Dryland, Tigray, Growth stability, Biodiversity function

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Acknowledgements

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Publication history

Received: 04 October 2020

Accepted: 18 January 2021

Published: 22 February 2021

Issue date: June 2021

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Acknowledgements

Forest inventory data were obtained from WeForest, an international nonprofit non-government organization, which is working on the restoration of Desa’a forest in collaboration with different national and international institutes (https://www.weforest.org/project/ethiopia-desaa).

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