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Forest Ecosystems 2021, 8(1): 12 https://doi.org/10.1186/s40663-021-00284-1
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A multi-purpose National Forest Inventory in Bangladesh: design, operationalisation and key results

Show Author's Information Matieu Henry1 ( ),  Zaheer Iqbal2,  Kristofer Johnson1,  Mariam Akhter2,  Liam Costello13,  Charles Scott4,  Rashed Jalal1,  Md. Akhter Hossain5,  Nikhil Chakma16,  Olaf Kuegler4,  Hossain Mahmood7,  Rajib Mahamud1,  Mohammad Raqibul Hasan Siddique7,  Khaled Misbahuzzaman5,  Mohammad Main Uddin58,  Mohammed Al Amin5,  Farid Uddin Ahmed9,  Gael Sola1,  Md. Baktiar Siddiqui2,  Luca Birigazzi110,  Mahmudur Rahman11,  Ilias Animon1,  Saimunnahar Ritu1,  Laskar Muqsudur Rahman1,  Aminul Islam2,  Heather Hayden4,  Frida Sidik12,  Mondal Falgoonee Kumar1,  Rakibul Hassan Mukul2,  Hossain Nishad2,  Ariful Hoque Belal2,  Asif Reza Anik13,  Abdul Khaleque14,  Md. Shaheduzzaman1,  Syed Shahadat Hossain15,  Tariq Aziz2,  Md. Tauhidor Rahaman2,  Ruhul Mohaiman2,  Patrick Meyer16,  Purnata Chakma1,  A.Z.M. Manzoor Rashid17,  Sourav Das18,  Shrabanti Hira1,  Mohammed Jashimuddin5,  Mohammad Mahfuzur Rahman5,  Karl Wurster16,  Sarder Nasir Uddin19,  Abul Kalam Azad20,  S.M. Zahirul Islam20,  Laurent Saint-André-Show21
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Viale delle Terme di Caracalla, 00153 Rome, Italy.
Forest Department, Ministry of Environment, Forests and Climate Change, Ban Bhaban, Shere Bangla Nagar, Agargaon, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh.
School of Ecosystem and Forest Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville Victoria, Melbourne 3010, Australia.
United States Forest Service(USFS)/SilvaCarbon, Washington, D. C, USA.
Institute of Forestry and Environmental Sciences(IFES), University of Chittagong, Chattogram, Bangladesh.
Department of Forestry and Environmental Science, Rangamati Science and Technology University, Rangamati, Bangladesh.
Forestry and Wood Technology Discipline, Khulna University, Khulna, Bangladesh.
School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, QLD, Brisbane 4072, Australia.
Arannyak Foundation, Dhaka, Bangladesh
United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change(UNFCCC), Bonn, Germany
Bangladesh Space Research and Remote Sensing Organization(SPARRSO), Dhaka, Bangladesh
Institute for Marine Research and Observation, Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries, Negara, Bali, Indonesia
Department of Agricultural Economics, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University(BSMRAU), Gazipur, Bangladesh
Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics(BBS), Dhaka, Bangladesh
Institute of Statistical Research and Training, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh
United States Agency for International Development(USAID), Dhaka, Bangladesh
Department of Forestry and Environmental Science, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Kumargaon, Sylhet, Bangladesh
Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
Bangladesh National Herbarium(BNH), Zoo Road, Mirpur, Dhaka, Bangladesh
Bangladesh Forest Research Institute(BFRI), Sholoshahar, Chottogram, Bangladesh
National Research Institute for Agriculture, Food and Environment(INRAE), Paris, France
Keywords:
Remote sensing, Ecosystem services, Innovation, Forest monitoring, Carbon sequestration, South-Asia, Socio-economic, Partnership
Cite this article:
Henry M, Iqbal Z, Johnson K, et al. A multi-purpose National Forest Inventory in Bangladesh: design, operationalisation and key results. Forest Ecosystems, 2021, 8(1): 12. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40663-021-00284-1
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Abstract Full text About this article
Background

National forest inventory and forest monitoring systems are more important than ever considering continued global degradation of trees and forests. These systems are especially important in a country like Bangladesh, which is characterised by a large population density, climate change vulnerability and dependence on natural resources. With the aim of supporting the Government's actions towards sustainable forest management through reliable information, the Bangladesh Forest Inventory (BFI) was designed and implemented through three components: biophysical inventory, socio-economic survey and remote sensing-based land cover mapping. This article documents the approach undertaken by the Forest Department under the Ministry of Environment, Forests and Climate Change to establish the BFI as a multipurpose, efficient, accurate and replicable national forest assessment. The design, operationalization and some key results of the process are presented.

Methods

The BFI takes advantage of the latest and most well-accepted technological and methodological approaches. Importantly, it was designed through a collaborative process which drew from the experience and knowledge of multiple national and international entities. Overall, 1781 field plots were visited, 6400 households were surveyed, and a national land cover map for the year 2015 was produced. Innovative technological enhancements include a semi-automated segmentation approach for developing the wall-to-wall land cover map, an object-based national land characterisation system, consistent estimates between sample-based and mapped land cover areas, use of mobile apps for tree species identification and data collection, and use of differential global positioning system for referencing plot centres.

Results

Seven criteria, and multiple associated indicators, were developed for monitoring progress towards sustainable forest management goals, informing management decisions, and national and international reporting needs. A wide range of biophysical and socioeconomic data were collected, and in some cases integrated, for estimating the indicators.

Conclusions

The BFI is a new information source tool for helping guide Bangladesh towards a sustainable future. Reliable information on the status of tree and forest resources, as well as land use, empowers evidence-based decision making across multiple stakeholders and at different levels for protecting natural resources. The integrated socio-economic data collected provides information about the interactions between people and their tree and forest resources, and the valuation of ecosystem services. The BFI is designed to be a permanent assessment of these resources, and future data collection will enable monitoring of trends against the current baseline. However, additional institutional support as well as continuation of collaboration among national partners is crucial for sustaining the BFI process in future.


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About this article

A multi-purpose National Forest Inventory in Bangladesh: design, operationalisation and key results

Show Author's information Matieu Henry1 ( ), Zaheer Iqbal2, Kristofer Johnson1, Mariam Akhter2, Liam Costello13, Charles Scott4, Rashed Jalal1, Md. Akhter Hossain5, Nikhil Chakma16, Olaf Kuegler4, Hossain Mahmood7, Rajib Mahamud1, Mohammad Raqibul Hasan Siddique7, Khaled Misbahuzzaman5, Mohammad Main Uddin58, Mohammed Al Amin5, Farid Uddin Ahmed9, Gael Sola1, Md. Baktiar Siddiqui2, Luca Birigazzi110, Mahmudur Rahman11, Ilias Animon1, Saimunnahar Ritu1, Laskar Muqsudur Rahman1, Aminul Islam2, Heather Hayden4, Frida Sidik12, Mondal Falgoonee Kumar1, Rakibul Hassan Mukul2, Hossain Nishad2, Ariful Hoque Belal2, Asif Reza Anik13, Abdul Khaleque14, Md. Shaheduzzaman1, Syed Shahadat Hossain15, Tariq Aziz2, Md. Tauhidor Rahaman2, Ruhul Mohaiman2, Patrick Meyer16, Purnata Chakma1, A.Z.M. Manzoor Rashid17, Sourav Das18, Shrabanti Hira1, Mohammed Jashimuddin5, Mohammad Mahfuzur Rahman5, Karl Wurster16, Sarder Nasir Uddin19, Abul Kalam Azad20, S.M. Zahirul Islam20, Laurent Saint-André-Show21
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Viale delle Terme di Caracalla, 00153 Rome, Italy.
Forest Department, Ministry of Environment, Forests and Climate Change, Ban Bhaban, Shere Bangla Nagar, Agargaon, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh.
School of Ecosystem and Forest Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville Victoria, Melbourne 3010, Australia.
United States Forest Service(USFS)/SilvaCarbon, Washington, D. C, USA.
Institute of Forestry and Environmental Sciences(IFES), University of Chittagong, Chattogram, Bangladesh.
Department of Forestry and Environmental Science, Rangamati Science and Technology University, Rangamati, Bangladesh.
Forestry and Wood Technology Discipline, Khulna University, Khulna, Bangladesh.
School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, QLD, Brisbane 4072, Australia.
Arannyak Foundation, Dhaka, Bangladesh
United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change(UNFCCC), Bonn, Germany
Bangladesh Space Research and Remote Sensing Organization(SPARRSO), Dhaka, Bangladesh
Institute for Marine Research and Observation, Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries, Negara, Bali, Indonesia
Department of Agricultural Economics, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University(BSMRAU), Gazipur, Bangladesh
Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics(BBS), Dhaka, Bangladesh
Institute of Statistical Research and Training, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh
United States Agency for International Development(USAID), Dhaka, Bangladesh
Department of Forestry and Environmental Science, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Kumargaon, Sylhet, Bangladesh
Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
Bangladesh National Herbarium(BNH), Zoo Road, Mirpur, Dhaka, Bangladesh
Bangladesh Forest Research Institute(BFRI), Sholoshahar, Chottogram, Bangladesh
National Research Institute for Agriculture, Food and Environment(INRAE), Paris, France

Abstract

Background

National forest inventory and forest monitoring systems are more important than ever considering continued global degradation of trees and forests. These systems are especially important in a country like Bangladesh, which is characterised by a large population density, climate change vulnerability and dependence on natural resources. With the aim of supporting the Government's actions towards sustainable forest management through reliable information, the Bangladesh Forest Inventory (BFI) was designed and implemented through three components: biophysical inventory, socio-economic survey and remote sensing-based land cover mapping. This article documents the approach undertaken by the Forest Department under the Ministry of Environment, Forests and Climate Change to establish the BFI as a multipurpose, efficient, accurate and replicable national forest assessment. The design, operationalization and some key results of the process are presented.

Methods

The BFI takes advantage of the latest and most well-accepted technological and methodological approaches. Importantly, it was designed through a collaborative process which drew from the experience and knowledge of multiple national and international entities. Overall, 1781 field plots were visited, 6400 households were surveyed, and a national land cover map for the year 2015 was produced. Innovative technological enhancements include a semi-automated segmentation approach for developing the wall-to-wall land cover map, an object-based national land characterisation system, consistent estimates between sample-based and mapped land cover areas, use of mobile apps for tree species identification and data collection, and use of differential global positioning system for referencing plot centres.

Results

Seven criteria, and multiple associated indicators, were developed for monitoring progress towards sustainable forest management goals, informing management decisions, and national and international reporting needs. A wide range of biophysical and socioeconomic data were collected, and in some cases integrated, for estimating the indicators.

Conclusions

The BFI is a new information source tool for helping guide Bangladesh towards a sustainable future. Reliable information on the status of tree and forest resources, as well as land use, empowers evidence-based decision making across multiple stakeholders and at different levels for protecting natural resources. The integrated socio-economic data collected provides information about the interactions between people and their tree and forest resources, and the valuation of ecosystem services. The BFI is designed to be a permanent assessment of these resources, and future data collection will enable monitoring of trends against the current baseline. However, additional institutional support as well as continuation of collaboration among national partners is crucial for sustaining the BFI process in future.

Keywords: Remote sensing, Ecosystem services, Innovation, Forest monitoring, Carbon sequestration, South-Asia, Socio-economic, Partnership

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Publication history

Received: 30 April 2020
Accepted: 13 January 2021
Published: 07 February 2021
Issue date: March 2021

Copyright

© The Author(s) 2021.

Acknowledgements

Acknowledgements

The authors would like to express their profound gratitude to the various national and international entities which contributed to this process and in particular to the Bangladesh Forest Department, Government of the People's Republic of Bangladesh, for its leadership, USAID (GCP/BGD/058/USA) and UN-REDD programme (UNJP/BGD/057/UNJ) for financial support, and FAO for technical assistance. The authors would like to acknowledge Antonio di Gregorio and Gianluca Franceschini for their support in preparing the national land representation system, Oswaldo Carrillo for data analysis and R scripts, Remi d' Annunzio, Marco Piazza and Stefano Ricci in deploying the Open Foris suite. The authors thank Daniel Wachira, Ikbal Faruk, Nasrin Akter, Mahbubur Rahman, Kamrul Hossain, Farah Tasnim, Nazrin Sultana, Shuhala Ahasan, Champa Rani Saha, Zarin Tasnim, Nandini Sarker, Tamanna Tabassum, Abdul Halim and other colleagues for their support throughout the process. The authors would like to express their gratitude and respect to the late Mizanur Rahman.

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