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Forest Ecosystems 2019, 6(1): 2 https://doi.org/10.1186/s40663-019-0159-1
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Acacia mangium Willd: benefits and threats associated with its increasing use around the world

Show Author's Information Lydie-Stella Koutika1 ( ),  David M. Richardson2
CRDPI, Centre de Recherche sur la Durabilité et la Productivité des Plantations Industrielles, BP 1291 Pointe-Noire, Republic of the Congo
Centre for Invasion Biology, Department of Botany & Zoology, Stellenbosch University, Matieland 7602, South Africa
Keywords:
Biodiversity, Biological invasions, Tree invasions, C sequestration, Soil N status
Cite this article:
Koutika L-S, Richardson DM. Acacia mangium Willd: benefits and threats associated with its increasing use around the world. Forest Ecosystems, 2019, 6(1): 2. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40663-019-0159-1
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Abstract Full text About this article
Background

Acacia mangium,a fast-growing tree native to parts of Indonesia,Papua New Guinea and Australia,has been cultivated outside its native environment and introduced into humid tropical lowland regions of Asia,South America and Africa over the last few decades. It is a multipurpose tree used in agroforestry,forestry and for restoration of degraded lands. It is also highly invasive in many regions where it has been introduced outside its native range. This paper reviews evidence of its obvious benefits and its negative impacts on biodiversity.

Methods

A literature review on Australian acacias and especially on A. mangium was undertaken to highlight both benefits and threats associated with their increasing worldwide use outside their native ranges.

Results

Through N2 fixed from the atmosphere,A. mangium improves soil fertility,especially by increasing N status and soil C accretion when introduced to N-limited areas; it thus has the potential to restore nutrient cycling in degraded systems. No studies have,however,been done to assess the effectiveness of A. mangium in restoring biodiversity of degraded lands. Most Australian acacias have traits that facilitate invasiveness,and 23 species have been recorded as invasive to date. A. mangium has been reported as invasive in Asia,Indonesia,Pacific Islands,Indian Ocean Islands,southern Africa and Brazil. Research on other invasive Australian acacias in several parts of the world has elucidated the types of impacts that are likely in different types of ecosystems and key options for mitigating impacts.

Conclusions

A. mangium has the potential to restore nutrient cycling in degraded systems,but is highly invasive wherever it is planted. Many parts of the world have a large invasion debt for this species. Experience with other invasive acacias around the world suggests a suite of interventions that could be used to reduce invasions and mitigate impacts. Careful risk assessments should be undertaken prior to any new plantings of this species.


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About this article

Acacia mangium Willd: benefits and threats associated with its increasing use around the world

Show Author's information Lydie-Stella Koutika1 ( ), David M. Richardson2
CRDPI, Centre de Recherche sur la Durabilité et la Productivité des Plantations Industrielles, BP 1291 Pointe-Noire, Republic of the Congo
Centre for Invasion Biology, Department of Botany & Zoology, Stellenbosch University, Matieland 7602, South Africa

Abstract

Background

Acacia mangium,a fast-growing tree native to parts of Indonesia,Papua New Guinea and Australia,has been cultivated outside its native environment and introduced into humid tropical lowland regions of Asia,South America and Africa over the last few decades. It is a multipurpose tree used in agroforestry,forestry and for restoration of degraded lands. It is also highly invasive in many regions where it has been introduced outside its native range. This paper reviews evidence of its obvious benefits and its negative impacts on biodiversity.

Methods

A literature review on Australian acacias and especially on A. mangium was undertaken to highlight both benefits and threats associated with their increasing worldwide use outside their native ranges.

Results

Through N2 fixed from the atmosphere,A. mangium improves soil fertility,especially by increasing N status and soil C accretion when introduced to N-limited areas; it thus has the potential to restore nutrient cycling in degraded systems. No studies have,however,been done to assess the effectiveness of A. mangium in restoring biodiversity of degraded lands. Most Australian acacias have traits that facilitate invasiveness,and 23 species have been recorded as invasive to date. A. mangium has been reported as invasive in Asia,Indonesia,Pacific Islands,Indian Ocean Islands,southern Africa and Brazil. Research on other invasive Australian acacias in several parts of the world has elucidated the types of impacts that are likely in different types of ecosystems and key options for mitigating impacts.

Conclusions

A. mangium has the potential to restore nutrient cycling in degraded systems,but is highly invasive wherever it is planted. Many parts of the world have a large invasion debt for this species. Experience with other invasive acacias around the world suggests a suite of interventions that could be used to reduce invasions and mitigate impacts. Careful risk assessments should be undertaken prior to any new plantings of this species.

Keywords: Biodiversity, Biological invasions, Tree invasions, C sequestration, Soil N status

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Publication history
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Acknowledgements
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Publication history

Received: 27 August 2018
Accepted: 04 January 2019
Published: 29 January 2019
Issue date: March 2019

Copyright

© The Author(s) 2019.

Acknowledgements

Acknowledgements

We thank Dr. Kai Sonder (CIMMYT, Texcoco, Mexico), Dr. Claudia Maia (EMBRAPA Floresta, Colombo, Brazil) and Prof. Daniel Epron (Université de Lorraine, France) for contributing material for this review, and Prof. Dan Binkley (Colorado State University, USA), Dr. Hugo Rainey (Wildlife Conservation Society, USA) and Dr. Ilias Travlos (Agricultural University of Athens, Greece) for their inputs to an early version. Dr. Sarah Whitfeld (Curator, Australian Tree Seed Centre (ATSC), National Research Collections Australia, CSIRO) kindly provided data on dispatches of A. mangium seed from the ATSC.

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