Experimental Study and Numerical Simulation of Explosive Welding of Nickel/304 Stainless Steel

Ni/304 stainless steel laminated composite materials were successfully fabricated using explosive welding to investigate the microstructural characteristics and the formation mechanism of interface. The microstructural characteristics of the composite plate were analyzed using scanning electron microscope (SEM), energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), and electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD). The mechanical properties of the composite plate were evaluated through tensile tests. Additionally, the smooth particle hydrodynamics (SPH) method was employed to numerically simulate the high-speed oblique impact welding process. The results indicate that the Ni/304 stainless steel composite plate exhibits a continuous wave bonding interface, which is consistent with the numerical simulation results. The variation in interface density promotes elemental diffusion, while the bending of grains reflects the material movement characteristics during wave formation. The recrystallization process is influenced by dislocation density, leading to the formation of fine-grained regions at the Ni/304 stainless steel interface. The tensile strength and elongation at fracture of the composite plate reach 705 MPa and 24%, respectively. The high bonding strength is primarily attributed to the formation of a continuous wavy interface structure.