Distribution characteristics of near-shore wind parameters considering wind-wave coupling

To investigate the distribution characteristics of wind parameters near shorelines, a two-dimensional geometric model is developed using computational fluid dynamics (CFD). The study employed the SST k-ω turbulence model and a multiphase flow model to simulate wind parameter distributions under the influence of two-dimensional wind over calm water. The effects of fetch distance, water depth, incoming wind speed, and underwater terrain slope on the distribution characteristics were analyzed. Results indicate that for fetch distances belowe 60 m, wind speed near the water surface exceeds the inlet wind speed, demonstrating an acceleration effect. Beyond 60 m, wind speed increases with height until stabilizing at a specific elevation. Terrain slope variations exhibit negligible effects on wind parameter distribution, while water depth shows strong correlations. Deeper water leads to a nonlinear increase in gradient wind height and significantly alters wind speed profiles. Although inlet wind speed does not affect gradient wind height or wind structure, it does impact the near-surface acceleration effect.