Overview of numerical simulation research on the land-atmosphere interaction and its weather and climate effects over the Qingzang plateau

In the context of global climate change and intensified human activities, the Qingzang plateau, known as the "Asian Water Tower" and the "Third Pole of the Earth", plays an increasingly significant role in regulating regional and global climate systems through its land-atmosphere interactions. Numerical simulations, as an effective tool for understanding the complex climatic processes on the Qingzang plateau, have played an irreplaceable role in exploring the physical mechanisms behind the land-atmosphere systems on the Qingzang plateau and their weather and climate effects. In this paper systematically reviews the research progresses of numerical simulations on four major land-atmosphere interaction processes on the Qingzang plateau, including land-surface-atmospheric processes (boundary layer processes), cloud precipitation physics processes, regional water cycle processes, and tropospheric processes, and focuses on discussing how these processes manifest at different temporal and spatial scales and their impacts on regional weather systems, monsoon circulations, and global climate. Finally, this paper outlines future research directions by proposing a need to enhance model accuracy, optimize parameterization schemes and integrate multiple observational data sources to further reveal the unique role of the Qingzang plateau in global climate system dynamics and provide scientific basis for addressing challenges posed by climate change.