Progress in observational research on the land-atmosphere interaction and its weather and climate effects over the Qingzang plateau

Characterized by high elevation and strong radiation, the Qingzang plateau transports huge amounts of heat and water vapor from the surface to the atmosphere, regulating the development of atmosphere boundary layer and cloud precipitation processes. The sensible heat pump effect has a significant impact on the weather, climate and atmospheric circulation over Qingzang plateau and its surrounding regions. The current conditions of the harsh environment and the lack of comprehensive observation stations seriously hinder people's understanding of land-atmosphere interaction process and its regional weather and climate effects over the Qingzang plateau. Since the 1980s, numerous large-scale field observation experiments have been conducted to study the processes of land-atmosphere interaction, atmospheric boundary layer, cloud & precipitation, and Qingzang plateau's weather and climate effects, and fruitful research results have been achieved. In particular, the National Science and Technology Special Project "the Second Qingzang Plateau Scientific Expedition and Research" was launched in 2017, and a large number of comprehensive integrated observation experiments have been carried out on the basis of previous observational projects. This article will systematically review and summarize relevant observational research progress on the land-atmosphere interaction process, atmospheric boundary layer process, cloud precipitation process, and Qingzang plateau's weather and climate effects from the perspective of in situ measurements over the past five years.