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Research Article | Open Access

Electrochemical study on the corrosion behaviour of Q235 steel in cleaning agents

Wei Du1( ), Zhongyu Yi1, Zhenping Shi2, Ruohan Xiang2, Yishuo Liu2, Yi Shi2, Lei Yuan3
Metals and Chemistry Research Institute, fem Research Institute for Precious Metals and Metal Chemistry, Beijing, China
China Academy of Railway Sciences Corporation Limited, Metals and Chemistry Research Institute, Beijing, China
China Academy of Railway Sciences Group Co., Ltd, Institute of Metals and Chemistry, Beijing, China
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Abstract

Purpose

There are significant differences in the corrosion protection performance of commonly used cleaning agents for high-speed railways. In order to study the dual requirements of cleaning efficiency and corrosion inhibition, explore the differences in corrosion protection performance of cleaning agents, effectively protect metal substrates, and ensure the safe, economical, and environmentally friendly operation of high-speed railways, this study is hereby carried out.

Design/methodology/approach

This study investigated the corrosion behaviour of Q235 steel exposed to acidic, neutral, and alkaline cleaning agents through metallographic analysis, electrochemical testing, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM).

Findings

Electrochemical behaviour was assessed at concentrations of 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20% using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and Tafel tests. The results indicate that the protective efficacy of acidic, neutral, and alkaline cleaning agents follows the order: alkaline > neutral > acidic.

Originality/value

Microstructural analysis and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) surface element quantification reveal that acidic cleaning agents cause the most severe corrosion and offer the poorest protection for Q235 steel, whereas neutral and alkaline agents provide protective effects by retarding corrosion. Conducting in-depth research on the differences in corrosion protection performance of cleaning agents can effectively safeguard metal substrates, eliminate corrosion risks, and ensure the safe operation of high-speed railways.

Keywords

Cleaning agentQ235 steelElectrochemistryCorrosion

References

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Railway Sciences
Volume 5 Issue 2,
April 2026
Pages 245-259
DOI: 10.1108/RS-12-2025-0056

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Cite this article:
Du W, Yi Z, Shi Z, et al. Electrochemical study on the corrosion behaviour of Q235 steel in cleaning agents. Railway Sciences, 2026, 5(2): 245-259. https://doi.org/10.1108/RS-12-2025-0056

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Received: 04 December 2025
Revised: 06 January 2026
Accepted: 09 January 2026
Published: 01 April 2026
© Wei Du, Zhongyu Yi, Zhenping Shi, Ruohan Xiang, Yishuo Liu, Yi Shi and Lei Yuan. Published in Railway Sciences.

This article is published under the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY 4.0) licence. Anyone may reproduce, distribute, translate and create derivative works of this article (for both commercial and non-commercial purposes), subject to full attribution to the original publication and authors. The full terms of this licence may be seen at Link to the terms of the CC BY 4.0 licence.