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Research Article | Open Access

Finite element analysis and optimization of the rubber diaphragms in type-120 relief valves

Ming Gao1( ), Dongkai Li2, Kun Liu2, Lijun Liu3, Ben Guo1, Anhui Pan1, Xiao Xie1, Huanre Han1
China Academy of Railway Sciences Corporation Limited, Metals and Chemistry Research Institute, Beijing, China
Department of Locomotive and Car, China State Railway Group Company Limited, Beijing, China
Harbin Depot, China Railway Harbin Group Company Limited, Harbin, China
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Abstract

Purpose

– Type-120 relief valves are critical components of locomotive braking systems, and they rapidly discharge the air pressure during brake release to enable swift pressure relief. In order to develop type-120 relief valve rubber diaphragms with long life and high performance, the damaged faulty samples were analyzed and studied.

Design/methodology/approach

– Finite element analysis (FEA) was used to investigate the stress distribution and failure mechanism of the rubber diaphragms within the type-120 relief valves under dynamic loading conditions. The Ogden hyperelastic constitutive model was used to fit the diaphragm data obtained from the uniaxial tensile tests, and its suitability for the modeling of large deformations was confirmed.

Findings

– The FEA results indicated that, when the rubber diaphragms reached their maximum deformation, the peak stress on their upper surfaces was 5.44 MPa. Thus, this region is highly susceptible to fatigue damage. The service life of the rubber diaphragms could be extended by using rubber compounds with high tensile moduli or a fabric-reinforced rubber diaphragm.

Originality/value

– This study provides valuable data and experience for the development of the rubber diaphragms in the type-120 valves and other long-life rubber products in the railway field.

Keywords

Type-120 relief valveRubber diaphragmDamage failureFinite element analysis

References

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Railway Sciences
Volume 4 Issue 5,
October 2025
Pages 598-612
DOI: 10.1108/RS-09-2025-0039

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Cite this article:
Gao M, Li D, Liu K, et al. Finite element analysis and optimization of the rubber diaphragms in type-120 relief valves. Railway Sciences, 2025, 4(5): 598-612. https://doi.org/10.1108/RS-09-2025-0039

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Received: 09 September 2025
Revised: 25 September 2025
Accepted: 25 September 2025
Published: 01 October 2025
© Ming Gao, Dongkai Li, Kun Liu, Lijun Liu, Ben Guo, Anhui Pan, Xiao Xie and Huanre Han. Published in Railway Sciences.

This article is published under the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY 4.0) licence. Anyone may reproduce, distribute, translate and create derivative works of this article (for both commercial and non-commercial purposes), subject to full attribution to the original publication and authors. The full terms of this licence may be seen at http://creativecommons.org/licences/by/4.0/legalcode.