Research on the influence of different damping structure on the vibration and noise characteristics of wheel–rail

The purpose of this study is to reduce wheel–rail vibration noise (with the noise level increasing by approximately 9 dB for every doubling of train speed) by enhancing wheel damping. Besides, it verifies the performance of the damping wheel and provides support for the engineering application of low-noise wheels.

This study takes the damping ring-constraint layer composite wheel as the research object. First, it proposes a wheel scheme combining a damping ring and constrained damping. Then, it verifies the natural frequency and damping of the proposed wheel via 3D finite element modeling and modal analysis. Finally, in the laboratory, the wheel–rail relationship test setup is used to conduct tests on two types of wheel structures (nondamping wheel and damping wheel) under radial and axial excitation.

The damping wheel significantly reduces the corresponding radiated sound power level, with an overall noise reduction of approximately 10 dB or more, especially in the high-frequency region (around 3,150 Hz). The damping ring reduces high-frequency noise, while the constraint layer suppresses medium-low frequency noise. The combined structure outperforms single-component structures in the full frequency range, as it can suppress both high-frequency whistling noise and medium-low rolling noise.

The originality of this study lies in proposing a wheel scheme that combines a damping ring and constrained damping. The study’s value is to provide a theoretical basis and technical guidance for the engineering application of low-noise wheels in rail vehicles.