Journal Home > Volume 2 , Issue 1
Purpose

There is growing interest in innovative online problem-solving models such as crowdsourcing to serve individuals, firms and the society as a whole. Crowdsourcing is the combination of efforts from various sets of individuals who are either volunteering or working part-time for socioeconomic production, basically in the cyber world. This hybrid work model is already in use by businesses and entrepreneurs; some of the platforms include Amazon mechanical Turk, 99designs, Hit RECORD and Design Crowd.

Design/methodology/approach

Much has been parleyed and published, and this is primarily because of the efficient socioeconomic potentials crowdsourcing offers.

Findings

This paper addressed the following three questions to help have a better understanding of crowdsourcing: who can perform crowdsourcing? why it is relevant to crowdsource in this present proliferated internet age and if there are going to be some changes in the future and the last but not the least what can be done to promote it in the society?

Originality/value

This paper discusses the three W’s and concludes with challenges facing the crowdsourcing work model.


menu
Abstract
Full text
Outline
About this article

Crowd-sourcing (who, why and what)

Show Author's information Henry Oluchukwu Ikediego1Mustafa Ilkan2A. Mohammed Abubakar3( )Festus Victor Bekun2
Department of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science, Dogu Akdeniz Universitesi, Famagusta, Cyprus
Dogu Akdeniz Universitesi, Gazimagusa, Cyprus
College of Business, Antalya Bilim University, Antalya, Turkey

Abstract

Purpose

There is growing interest in innovative online problem-solving models such as crowdsourcing to serve individuals, firms and the society as a whole. Crowdsourcing is the combination of efforts from various sets of individuals who are either volunteering or working part-time for socioeconomic production, basically in the cyber world. This hybrid work model is already in use by businesses and entrepreneurs; some of the platforms include Amazon mechanical Turk, 99designs, Hit RECORD and Design Crowd.

Design/methodology/approach

Much has been parleyed and published, and this is primarily because of the efficient socioeconomic potentials crowdsourcing offers.

Findings

This paper addressed the following three questions to help have a better understanding of crowdsourcing: who can perform crowdsourcing? why it is relevant to crowdsource in this present proliferated internet age and if there are going to be some changes in the future and the last but not the least what can be done to promote it in the society?

Originality/value

This paper discusses the three W’s and concludes with challenges facing the crowdsourcing work model.

Keywords: Crowdsourcing, Outsourcing, IT, Freelancing, Open call

References(62)

Afuah, A. and Tucci, C.L. (2012), “Crowdsourcing as a solution to distant search”, Academy of Management Review, Vol. 37 No. 3, pp. 355-375.

Amiti, M. and Wei, S.J. (2004), Fear of service outsourcing: is it justified? (No. w10808), National Bureau of Economic Research.https://doi.org/10.3386/w10808
DOI

Barney, J.B. (2001), “Resource-based theories of competitive advantage: a ten-year retrospective on the resource-based view”, Journal of Management, Vol. 27 No. 6, pp. 643-650.

Belsky, S. (2010), “Crowdsourcing is broken: how to fix it”, BusinessWeek.com, p. 7.

Benkler, Y. (2002), “Coase’s Penguin, or, Linux and ‘the nature of the firm’”, Yale Law Journal, Vol. 112 No. 3, pp. 369-446.

Berkus, J. (2009), “Never say crowdsourcing”, Database Soup, Toolbox.Com, Knowledge Sharing Communities.

Bloch, M., Blumberg, S. and Laartz, J. (2012), “Delivering large-scale IT projects on time, on budget, and on value”, McKinsey Quarterly, Harvard Business Review, pp. 1-7.

Bosman, J. (2006), “Chevy tries a write-your-own-ad approach, and the potshots fly”, New York Times, p. 4.

Brabham, D.C. (2008), “Crowdsourcing as a model for problem solving: an introduction and cases”, Convergence: The International Journal of Research into New Media Technologies, Vol. 14 No. 1, pp. 75-90.

Brabham, D.C. (2012a), “A model for leveraging online communities”, The Participatory Cultures Handbook, p. 120.

Brabham, D.C. (2012b), “The myth of amateur crowds: A critical discourse analysis of crowdsourcing coverage”, Information, Communication & Society, Vol. 15 No. 3, pp. 394-410.

Brabham, D.C. (2013), Crowdsourcing, The MIT Press Essential Knowledge Series, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge.

Chesbrough, H. (2003), “The logic of open innovation: managing intellectual property”, California Management Review, Vol. 45 No. 3, pp. 33-58.

Chesbrough, H.W. (2007), “Why companies should have open business models”, MIT Sloan Management Review, Vol. 48 No. 2, p. 22.

Coase, R. (1937), “The nature of the firm”, Economica, New Series, Vol. 4 No. 16, pp. 386-405.

Dibbern, J., Goles, T., Hirschheim, R. and Jayatilaka, B. (2004), “Information systems outsourcing: a survey and analysis of the literature”, ACM Sigmis Database, Vol. 35 No. 4, pp. 6-102.

Difallah, D.E., Catasta, M., Demartini, G., Ipeirotis, P.G. and Cudré-Mauroux, P. (2015), “The dynamics of micro-task crowdsourcing: the case of Amazon Mturk”, Proceedings of the 24th International Conference on World Wide Web, International World Wide Web Conferences Steering Committee, pp. 238-247.https://doi.org/10.1145/2740908.2744109
DOI

Estellés-Arolas, E. and González-Ladrón-de-Guevara, F. (2012), “Towards an integrated crowdsourcing definition”, Journal of Information Science, Vol. 38 No. 2, pp. 189-200.

Foray, D. and Zimmermann, J.B. (2001), “L’économie du logiciel libre”, Revue Économique, Vol. 52 No. 7, pp. 77-93.

Ford, R.C., Richard, B. and Ciuchta, M.P. (2015), “Crowdsourcing: a new way of employing non-employees?”, Business Horizons, Vol. 58 No. 4, pp. 377-388.

Gefen, D. and Carmel, E. (2008), “Is the world really flat? A look at offshoring at an online programming marketplace”, MIS Quarterly, Vol. 32 No. 2, pp. 367-384.

Suang, H.C., Wenyu, D. and Yuanyue, F. (2009),Investigating Vendors’ Decision to Terminate IT Outsourcing Contracts, ICIS 2009 Proceedings, p. 32.

Hirth, M., Hoßfeld, T., Mellia, M., Schwartz, C. and Lehrieder, F. (2015), “Crowdsourced network measurements: benefits and best practices”, Computer Networks, Vol. 90 No. 4, pp. 85-98.

Hossain, M. and Kauranen, I. (2015), “Crowdsourcing: a comprehensive literature review”, Strategic Outsourcing: An International Journal, Vol. 8 No. 1, pp. 2-22.

Howe, J. (2008), Crowdsourcing: How the Power of the Crowd Is Driving the Future of Business, Random House.
Jeff, H. (2008), Crowdsourcing: Why the Power of the Crowd Is Driving the Future of Business, Crown Business, p. 320.4.

Kishore, R., Rao, H.R., Nam, K., Rajagopalan, S. and Chaudhury, A. (2003), “A relationship perspective on IT outsourcing”, Communications of the ACM, Vol. 46 No. 12, pp. 86-92.

Krishnamurthy, S. (2005), “The launching of Mozilla Firefox-A case study in community-led marketing”, available at: http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download

Lacity, M.C. and Hirschheim, R. (1993), “The information systems outsourcing bandwagon”, Sloan Management Review, Vol. 35 No. 1, p. 73.

Lakhani, K.R. and Panetta, J.A. (2007), “The principles of distributed innovation”,  Innovations Technology Governance Globalization, Vol. 2 No. 3, pp. 97-112.

Lakhani, K.R., Jeppesen, L.B., Lohse, P.A. and Panetta, J.A. (2007), “The value of openess in scientific problem solving”, Division of Research, Harvard Business School, pp. 07-50.
Lientz, B.P. and Larssen, L. (2006), Risk management for IT projects, How to Deal with Over 150 Issues and Risks.https://doi.org/10.4324/9780080462509
DOI
Lietsala, K. and Joutsen, A. (2007), “Hang-a-rounds and true believers: a case analysis of the roles and motivational factors of the star wreck fans”, Mindtrek 2007 Conference Proceedings, Tampere University of Technology, Tampere, Finland, pp. 25-30.

Nahapiet, J. and Ghoshal, S. (1998), “Social capital, intellectual capital, and the organizational advantage”, Academy of Management Review, Vol. 23 No. 2, pp. 242-266.

Majchrzak, A. and Malhotra, A. (2013), “Towards an information systems perspective and research agenda on crowdsourcing for innovation”, The Journal of Strategic Information Systems, Vol. 22 No. 4, pp. 257-268.

Paul, W. (2009), “Crowdsourcing and its application in marketing activities”, Contemporary Management Research, Vol. 5 No. 1.

Penin, J. (2008), “More open than open innovation? Rethinking the concept of openness in innovation studies”, Bureau D’Economie Théorique Et Appliquée, Working Paper, Vol. 18 No. 33, pp. 1-20.
Pfeffer, J. and Salancik, G.R. (1978), The External Control of Organizations: A Resource Dependence Approach, Harper and Row Publishers, New York, NY.
Pierre, L. (1997), Collective Intelligence: Mankind’s Emerging World in Cyberspace, Perseus Books, Cambrigde, MA.
Powell, W.W. and DiMaggio, P.J. (Eds) (2012), The New Institutionalism in Organizational Analysis, University of Chicago Press.

Prpić, J., Shukla, P.P., Kietzmann, J.H. and McCarthy, I.P. (2015), “How to work a crowd: developing crowd capital through crowdsourcing”, Business Horizons, Vol. 58 No. 1, pp. 77-85.

Raasch, C., Herstatt, C. and Balka, K. (2009), “On the open design of tangible goods”, R&D Management, Vol. 39 No. 4, pp. 382-393.

Raymond, E. (1999), The Cathedral and the Bazaar: Musings on Linux and Open Source from an Accidental Revolutionary, O’Reilly, Sebastapol, CA.

Renner, C.J. and Tebbe, D. (1998), “Who is outsourcing and why?”, Strategic Finance, Vol. 80 No. 1, p. 45.

Rick, G. (2016), “Crowdsourcing: an old idea amplified by modern technology”, available at www.onespace.com/blog/2016/03/crowdsourcing-old-idea-amplified-by-technology/

Rolfe, B., Segal, S. and Cicmil, S. (2016), “An existential hermeneutic philosophical approach to project management”, 3 Guest Editorial, Vol. 47 No. 3, pp. 48-62.

Roman, D. (2009), “Crowdsourcing and the question of expertise”, Communications of the ACM, Vol. 52 No. 12, pp. 12-12.

Rosen, P.A. (2011), “Crowdsourcing lessons for organizations”, Journal of Decision Systems, Vol. 20 No. 3, pp. 309-324.

Saxton, G.D., Oh, O. and Kishore, R. (2013), “Rules of crowdsourcing: models, issues, and systems of control”,Information Systems Management, Vol. 30 No. 1, pp. 2-20.

Schenk, E. and Guittard, C. (2009), Crowdsourcing: What can be Outsourced to the Crowd, and Why, Workshop on Open Source Innovation, Strasbourg, Vol. 72.

Schenk, E. and Guittard, C. (2011), “Towards a characterization of crowdsourcing practices”, Journal of Innovation Economics & Economics, Vol. 7 No. 1, pp. 93-107.

Schmidt, G.B. and Jettinghoff, W.M. (2016), “Using amazon mechanical turk and other compensated crowdsourcing sites”, Business Horizons, Vol. 59 No. 4, pp. 391-400.

Simula, H. (2013), “The rise and fall of crowdsourcing?”, 2013 46th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (HICSS), IEEE, pp. 2783-2791.https://doi.org/10.1109/HICSS.2013.537
DOI
Spohrer, J.C., Gregory, M. and Ren, G. (2010), “The Cambridge-IBM SSMESSME white paper revisited”, in Maglio, P., Kieliszewski, C. and Spohrer, J. (Eds), Handbook of Service Science. Service Science: Research and Innovations in the Service Economy, Boston, MA, Springer, available at: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-1628-0_30
DOI

Subramani, R., and and Paramasivan, T. (2014), “Crowdsourcing – the next wave in IT outsourcing”, International Research Journal of Business and Management, IRJBM ISSN 2322.083X Volume NO-V.

Surowiecki, J. (2005), The Wisdom of Crowds: Why the Many Are Smarter than the Few and How Collective Wisdom Shapes Business, Economies, Societies, and Nations, Doubleday, p. 320.
Tapscott, D. and Williams, A. (2006), Wikinomics: How Mass Collaboration Changes Everything, Portfolio, New York, NY.

Thawrani, V., Londhe, N.D. and Singh, R. (2014), “Crowdsourcing of medical data”, IETE Technical Review, Vol. 31 No. 3, pp. 249-253.

Weidenbaum, M. (2005), “Outsourcing: pros and cons”, Business Horizons, Vol. 48 No. 4, pp. 311-315.

Whitla, P. (2009), “Crowdsourcing and its application in marketing activities”, Contemporary Management Research, Vol. 5 No. 1.

Ye, H.J. and Kankanhalli, A. (2015), “Investigating the antecedents of organizational task crowdsourcing”, Information & Management, Vol. 52 No. 1, pp. 98-110.

Zhao, Y. and Zhu, Q. (2014), “Evaluation on crowdsourcing research: current status and future direction”, Information Systems Frontiers, Vol. 16 No. 3, pp. 417-434.

Publication history
Copyright
Rights and permissions

Publication history

Received: 04 July 2017
Revised: 06 September 2017
Accepted: 30 October 2017
Published: 28 March 2018
Issue date: July 2018

Copyright

©2018 International Journal of Crowd Science

Rights and permissions

Henry Oluchukwu Ikediego, Mustafa Ilkan, A. Mohammed Abubakar and Festus Victor Bekun. Published in International Journal of Crowd Science. Published by Emerald Publishing Limited. This article is published under the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY 4.0) licence. Anyone may reproduce, distribute, translate and create derivative works of this article (for both commercial and non-commercial purposes), subject to full attribution to the original publication and authors. The full terms of this licence may be seen at http://creativecommons.org/licences/by/4.0/legalcode

Return