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Review | Open Access

Research progress of responsive electrospun dressings for precise monitoring and treatment of diabetic wounds

Chengkai Zhou1,2,3,‡ , Yan Geng1,2,3,‡, Chenxi Zhang1,2,3,‡, Yuwei Hsu1,2,3,4, Le Ma1,2,3, Mengen Li1,2,3,5, Ye Tang1,2,3,5, Wei Guo4( ), Ming Li1,2,3( ), Yanhua Wang1,2,5( )
Trauma Medicine Center, Peking University People’s Hospital, No. 11 Xizhimen South Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100044, China
National Center for Trauma Medicine, No. 11 Xizhimen South Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100044, China
Key Laboratory of Trauma and Neural Regeneration, Ministry of Education, Peking University, No. 5 Yiheyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100871, China
Emergency Department, Peking University People’s Hospital, No. 11 Xizhimen South Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100044, China
Department of Orthopedics and Trauma, Peking University People’s Hospital, No. 11 Xizhimen South Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100044, China

‡Chengkai Zhou, Yan Geng, and Chenxi Zhang contributed equally to this work.

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Highlights

• The healing environment of chronic diabetic wounds is characterized by hyperglycemia, high level reactive oxygen species, hyper inflammation, persistent infection, high protease activity and wide range of PH.

• This article offers a comprehensive overview of electrospinning technology principles, the selection of materials (including natural, synthetic, and composite types), and recent progress in structural design, such as core-shell and Janus configurations.

• Strategies for developing smart responsive nanofiber dressings can be categorized into two approaches: those that respond to internal stimuli (like pH, glucose, reactive oxygen species and enzymes) and those that react to external stimuli (such as light, heat, and electricity).

• Multifunctional dressings that combine real-time monitoring of wound conditions (through visual or electronic signals) with controlled drug delivery (targeting antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and angiogenic effects) have promising potential for widespread use.

Abstract

Chronic diabetic wounds pose a serious health and economic burden globally. In recent years, there has been widespread attention on the research of functional and even personalized wound dressings, among which responsive smart nanofiber dressings made using electrospinning technology have shown great potential. Nanofibers have advantages such as extremely fine pore size, high porosity, and large specific surface area. By combining electrospinning technology with responsive materials and integrating electronic engineering and other manufacturing techniques, it is possible to weave smart nanofibers that can respond to specific diabetic wound environments (such as low pH, high reactive oxygen species, high glucose concentration, and overexpressed enzymes) or external conditions (such as temperature, light, and magnetic fields). This allows for the monitoring of the wound microenvironment and/or the automatic release of drugs based on changes in the wound microenvironment. Compared with ordinary dressings, this dressing can not only predict the wound state, but also respond to the specific wound (such as diabetic wound) microenvironment to promote wound healing rapidly and accurately. This article outlines the characteristics of the chronic diabetic wound microenvironment, electrospinning technology, and its application in responding to the chronic diabetic wound microenvironment.

Graphical Abstract

Keywords

Chronic diabetic woundsMicroenvironmentElectrospinning technologyResponsive dressingMonitoring

References

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Burns & Trauma
Volume 14 Issue 2,
March 2026
DOI: 10.1093/burnst/tkaf049

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Cite this article:
Zhou C, Geng Y, Zhang C, et al. Research progress of responsive electrospun dressings for precise monitoring and treatment of diabetic wounds. Burns & Trauma, 2026, 14(2). https://doi.org/10.1093/burnst/tkaf049

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Received: 08 February 2025
Revised: 16 July 2025
Accepted: 17 July 2025
Published: 18 July 2025
© The Author(s) 2025. Published by Oxford University Press.

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