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Research Article | Open Access

Reshaped commensal wound microbiome via topical application of Calvatia gigantea extract contributes to faster diabetic wound healing

Xiaotong Ding1,2,†, Chenxi Yang1,3,†, Yue Li1,2, Tangtang He1,2,4, Yan Xu1,2, Xuxi Cheng1,2, Jinyun Song5, Nannan Xue1,2, Wen Min4, Weimeng Feng2,5, Hongyu Zhao5, Jie Dong1,2, Pei Liu2,6, Yiwei Wang1,2,6 ( ), Jun Chen1,2,6( )
Jiangsu Provincial Engineering Research Center of TCM External Medication Development and Application, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing 210023, P.R. China
School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing 210023, P.R. China
Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing 210023, P.R. China
Department of Bone injury of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 155 Hanzhong Road, Nanjing 210029, P.R. China
Clinical Research Center, The Second Hospital of Nanjing, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 1 Kangfu Street, Nanjing 210003, P.R. China
Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing 210023, P.R. China

†Xiaotong Ding and Chenxi Yang contributed equally to this work.

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Highlights

• CGE significantly accelerated the healing rate of diabetic ulcer wounds, facilitated re-epithelialization, and downregulated the transcription levels of inflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-1β and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α)

• CGE could reduce the abundance of pathogenic bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus and significantly enrich Escherichia coli (E. coli) by regulating the microecology of diabetic ulcer bacteria

• E. coli can increase the secretion level of L-glutamate under CGE treatment, which promotes the cell proliferation and migration level of keratinocytes and fibroblasts as well as epithelialization and tissue barrier regeneration

• Modulation of commensal wound microbiome may be a new therapeutic strategy for the treatment of diabetic wound repair

Abstract

Background

Calvatia gigantea (CG) is widely used as a traditional Chinese medicine for wound treatment. In this study, we aimed to determine the effects of CG extract (CGE) on diabetic wound healing and the commensal wound microbiome.

Method

A wound model was established using leptin receptor-deficient db/db mice, with untreated mice as the control group and CGE-treated mice as the treatment group. The wound healing rate, inflammation and histology were analyzed. Additionally, wound microbiome was evaluated via 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene sequencing.

Results

CGE significantly accelerated the healing of diabetic ulcer wounds, facilitated re-epithelialization, and downregulated the transcription levels of the inflammatory cytokines, interleukin-1β and tumor necrosis factor-α. Furthermore, CGE treatment positively affected the wound microbiome, promoting diversity of the microbial community and enrichment of Escherichia–Shigella bacteria in the CGE-treated group.

Conclusions

Overall, CGE enhanced diabetic wound healing by modulating the wound microbiome and facilitating macrophage polarization during inflammation. These findings suggest modulation of the commensal wound microbiome using medicinal plants as a potential therapeutic strategy for diabetic wounds.

Graphical Abstract

Keywords

Calvatia gigantea extractDiabetic wound healingCommensal wound microbiomeMacrophage polarization, Inflammation

References

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Burns & Trauma
Volume 12,
December 2024
Article number: tkae037
DOI: 10.1093/burnst/tkae037

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Cite this article:
Ding X, Yang C, Li Y, et al. Reshaped commensal wound microbiome via topical application of Calvatia gigantea extract contributes to faster diabetic wound healing. Burns & Trauma, 2024, 12: tkae037. https://doi.org/10.1093/burnst/tkae037

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Received: 19 September 2023
Revised: 20 March 2024
Accepted: 02 June 2024
Published: 10 October 2026
© The Author(s) 2024. Published by Oxford University Press.

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted reuse, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.