Advanced approaches to decoupled sensory signal monitoring in human interface systems

Real-time sensory signal monitoring systems are crucial for continuous health tracking and enhancing human-interface technologies in virtual reality/augmented reality applications. Recent advancements in micro/nanofabrication technologies have enabled wearable and implantable sensors to achieve sufficient sensitivity for measuring subtle sensory signals, while integration with wireless communication technologies allows for real-time monitoring and closed-loop user feedback. However, highly sensitive sensing materials face challenges, as their detection results can easily be altered by external factors such as bending, temperature, and humidity. This review discusses methods for decoupling various stimuli and their applications in human interfaces. We cover the latest advancements in decoupled systems, including the design of sensing materials using micro/nanostructured materials, 3-dimensional (3D) sensory system architectures, and Artificial intelligence (AI)-based signal decoupling processing techniques. Additionally, we highlight key applications in robotics, wearable, and implantable health monitoring made possible by these decoupled systems. Finally, we suggest future research directions to address the remaining challenges of developing decoupled artificial sensory systems that are resilient to external stimuli.