3D printing in space: from mechanical structures to living tissues

3D printing stands at the forefront of transforming space exploration, offering unprecedented on-demand and rapid manufacturing capabilities. It adeptly addresses challenges such as mass reduction, intricate component fabrication, and resource constraints. Despite the obstacles posed by microgravity and extreme environments, continual advancements underscore the pivotal role of 3D printing in aerospace science. Beyond its primary function of producing space structures, 3D printing contributes significantly to progress in electronics, biomedicine, and resource optimization. This perspective delves into the technological advantages, environmental challenges, development status, and opportunities of 3D printing in space. Envisioning its crucial impact, we anticipate that 3D printing will unlock innovative solutions, reshape manufacturing practices, and foster self-sufficiency in future space endeavors.