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Review | Open Access

Craniofacial therapy: advanced local therapies from nano-engineered titanium implants to treat craniofacial conditions

Karan Gulati1 , Chengye Ding2,3, Tianqi Guo1, Houzuo Guo3,4, Huajie Yu3,5( ), Yan Liu2,3 ( )
The University of Queensland, School of Dentistry, Herston, QLD, Australia
Laboratory of Biomimetic Nanomaterials, Department of Orthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology & Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology & Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Computerized Dentistry Ministry of Health & NMPA Key Laboratory for Dental Materials, Beijing, China
Department of Oral Implantology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
Fourth Clinical Division, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China

These authors contributed equally: Karan Gulati, Chengye Ding.

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Abstract

Nano-engineering-based tissue regeneration and local therapeutic delivery strategies show significant potential to reduce the health and economic burden associated with craniofacial defects, including traumas and tumours. Critical to the success of such nano-engineered non-resorbable craniofacial implants include load-bearing functioning and survival in complex local trauma conditions. Further, race to invade between multiple cells and pathogens is an important criterion that dictates the fate of the implant. In this pioneering review, we compare the therapeutic efficacy of nano-engineered titanium-based craniofacial implants towards maximised local therapy addressing bone formation/resorption, soft-tissue integration, bacterial infection and cancers/tumours. We present the various strategies to engineer titanium-based craniofacial implants in the macro-, micro- and nano-scales, using topographical, chemical, electrochemical, biological and therapeutic modifications. A particular focus is electrochemically anodised titanium implants with controlled nanotopographies that enable tailored and enhanced bioactivity and local therapeutic release. Next, we review the clinical translation challenges associated with such implants. This review will inform the readers of the latest developments and challenges related to therapeutic nano-engineered craniofacial implants.

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International Journal of Oral Science
Volume 15,
2023
Article number: 15
DOI: 10.1038/s41368-023-00220-9

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Cite this article:
Gulati K, Ding C, Guo T, et al. Craniofacial therapy: advanced local therapies from nano-engineered titanium implants to treat craniofacial conditions. International Journal of Oral Science, 2023, 15: 15. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41368-023-00220-9

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Received: 21 November 2022
Revised: 05 February 2023
Accepted: 28 February 2023
Published: 29 March 2023
© The Author(s) 2023

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