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Review | Open Access

Dental stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles as promising therapeutic agents in the treatment of diseases

Ye Li1, Xu Duan1, Yinxue Chen1, Bingyun Liu1, Gang Chen1,2,3 ( )
The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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Abstract

Dental stem cells (DSCs), an important source of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), can be easily obtained by minimally invasive procedures and have been used for the treatment of various diseases. Classic paradigm attributed the mechanism of their therapeutic action to direct cell differentiation after targeted migration, while contemporary insights into indirect paracrine effect opened new avenues for the mystery of their actual low engraftment and differentiation ability in vivo. As critical paracrine effectors, DSC-derived extracellular vesicles (DSC-EVs) are being increasingly linked to the positive effects of DSCs by an evolving body of in vivo studies. Carrying bioactive contents and presenting therapeutic potential in certain diseases, DSC-EVs have been introduced as promising treatments. Here, we systematically review the latest in vivo evidence that supports the therapeutic effects of DSC-EVs with mechanistic studies. In addition, current challenges and future directions for the clinical translation of DSC-EVs are also highlighted to call for more attentions to the (Ⅰ) distinguishing features of DSC-EVs compared with other types of MSC-EVs, (Ⅱ) heterogeneity among different subtypes of DSC-derived EVs, (Ⅲ) action modes of DSC-EVs, (Ⅳ) standardization for eligible DSC-EVs and (Ⅴ) safety guarantee for the clinical application of DSC-EVs. The present review would provide valuable insights into the emerging opportunities of DSC-EVs in future clinical applications.

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International Journal of Oral Science
Volume 14,
2022
Article number: 2
DOI: 10.1038/s41368-021-00152-2

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Li Y, Duan X, Chen Y, et al. Dental stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles as promising therapeutic agents in the treatment of diseases. International Journal of Oral Science, 2022, 14: 2. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41368-021-00152-2

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Received: 28 October 2021
Revised: 22 November 2021
Accepted: 28 November 2021
Published: 04 January 2022
© The Author(s) 2022

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