Imaging enhancement for towed-streamer data using OBN data based on deep learning

Deep oil and gas exploration has become a critical frontier in offshore oil and gas development due to growing global energy demand. However, traditional towed-streamer seismic acquisition often struggles to deliver high-resolution imaging of deep and structurally complex subsurface targets. A promising solution is to integrate towed-streamer data with ocean bottom node (OBN) data, which provide broader azimuthal coverage, full-offset sampling, and multi-component recording, thereby complementing streamer acquisition and enhancing image quality. Despite these advantages, conventional fusion methods—typically based on simple linear weighted averaging—are often inadequate for effectively combining the distinct characteristics of OBN and streamer images. Such approaches risk producing inappropriate subsurface representations. To address this limitation, this paper proposes a novel deep learning-based imaging enhancement strategy for the joint utilization of OBN and streamer seismic data in this paper. By leveraging the nonlinear representation capabilities of neural networks, the proposed method learns to adaptively extract and fuse complementary features from both datasets, yielding more coherent, high-resolution, and geologically consistent imaging results. This study begins with a comparative analysis of the imaging characteristics of streamer and OBN data, followed by the design of a tailored deep learning architecture for data fusion. Numerical experiments confirm the feasibility and robustness of the approach. The results demonstrate improved reflector continuity, amplitude fidelity, and structural clarity compared to conventional methods, especially in the complex cases, highlighting the method's potential for advancing subsurface imaging in deep oil and gas exploration scenarios.