An interpretable attention-guided generative adversarial network framework with dual-domain learning for multi-condition constrained sedimentary facies modeling

Sedimentary facies modeling is a critical approach for understanding geological phenomena, yet the strong heterogeneity of reservoir systems poses a serious challenge for their refined characterization. In this study, we innovatively propose an interpretable attention-guided generative adversarial network framework with dual-domain learning, which achieves precise sedimentary facies modeling under the constraints of well facies and soft probability data. Specifically, we first effectively extract and preserve prior information of sedimentary facies models from both spatial and frequency domain perspectives. Then, during simulation, to enhance the capability of the network model for finely characterizing complex heterogeneous models, cross-spatial attention mechanisms are designed to effectively capture short-range and long-range dependencies between multi-scale pattern features. Additionally, through systematic feature map visualization analysis, we elucidate the processes of conditional fitting and complex sedimentary facies model reconstruction, intuitively demonstrating the functional mechanisms of each module. Finally, systematic experiments are conducted on multiple datasets to validate the effectiveness of the proposed method. The results demonstrate that the generated sedimentary facies models exhibit high consistency with training datasets in terms of visual realism and statistical indicators. Quantitative comparisons reveal remarkable performance of the method, achieving low Wasserstein distance (0.09), Kernel Inception Distance (0.0017) and Kernel Maximum Mean Discrepancy (0.21). These findings further confirm the high realism of the generated realizations regarding pattern features. This study offers a reliable and practical method for geological reservoir modeling, thereby advancing quantitative, precise geological research with broad application prospects.