A novel NMR methodology for the quantitative characterization of solid organic matter in shale oil

Continental shale oil reservoirs in China, particularly those of low to medium maturity, contain a high proportion of untransformed solid organic matter (SOM). The SOM plays a critical role as a potential oil and gas resource. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) is a powerful technique for the evaluation of shale oil reservoirs. However, it is challenging for conventional T₁-T₂ measurement methods to fully capture signals from ultra-short relaxation components such as SOM, due to the measurement deficiency caused by NMR instruments. To this end, the free induction decay (FID) and inversion recovery FID (IR-FID) pulse sequences are introduced, and two novel methods are proposed for quantitative characterization of SOM. The first method, Method Ⅰ, employs the signal amplitude difference between T₂^∗ and T₁-T₂ spectra to obtain the SOM content. The second, Method Ⅱ, directly quantifies the SOM signal from the T₁-T₂^∗ spectrum. A novel parameter, the ratio of T₁/T₂^∗ to T₁/T₂, is also proposed to refine the identification of SOM in the T₁-T₂ spectrum. The effectiveness of the proposed methods is validated by strong correlations with four geochemical parameters indicative of SOM content. The results from Method Ⅰ show significantly improved correlations with all four geochemical parameters compared to the conventional T₁-T₂ method. The results from Method Ⅱ show excellent correlations with parameters from step-by-step (SBS) Rock-Eval pyrolysis, reaching coefficients of determination (R²) as high as 0.8958 and 0.8828. This method also shows strong numerical consistency with the geochemical parameters, specifically with (S_1–2b + S_2-1+S_2-2). Method Ⅱ is therefore highly suitable for quantitatively evaluating the total solid hydrogen content, including solid petroleum hydrocarbons, bitumen, and kerogen. This work achieves, for the first time, the precise quantification of SOM at the core scale, providing a high-precision, large-scale, and non-destructive approach for evaluating the resource potential of shale oil reservoirs.