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Review | Open Access

The effect of CX3CL1/CX3CR1 signal axis on microglia in central nervous system diseases

Henan Joint International Research Laboratory of Neurorestoratology for Senile Dementia, Henan Key Laboratory of Neurorestoratology, Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Weihui, Henan, 453100, China
Management College of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, 45003, China
Imaging Department, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Weihui, Henan, 453100, China
Sino-UK Joint Laboratory of Brain Function and Injury of Henan Province, Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003 China
Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States

1 These authors contributed equally to this work.

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Abstract

CX3C chemokine ligand 1 (CX3CL1), a unique member of the CX3C family, is most widely expressed in endothelial cells and neurons. Its specific receptor is CX3CR1, which is mainly expressed in central nervous system (CNS) microglia. CX3CL1 has effects on the brain and neurological system. CX3CL1 and its specific receptor CX3CR1 can inhibit calcium influx in neurons, promote the activation of protein kinases and the activation of nuclear transcription factor кB, etc., thereby reducing the release of inflammatory factors and achieving small stable glue in the state of plasmocytes and inhibiting the inflammatory response in CNS. This phenomenon limits neuronal death to a certain extent and has a particular neuroprotective effect. Currently, the CX3CL1/CX3CR1 signal axis impact is of particular interest in a variety of CNS disorders, such as Alzheimer's disease, stroke, cerebral small vessel disease, Parkinson's disease, epilepsy, and other diseases. A wealth of studies has reported CX3CL1/CX3CR1 signal axis as a functional regulator of microglia, thereby affecting the occurrence and development of CNS diseases. The current article briefly enlightens the role of the CX3CL1/CX3CR1 signal axis and microglia and its effect on CNS diseases.

Keywords

MicrogliaCognitive functionCentral nervous systemNeuroprotectionCX3CL1CX3CR1

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Journal of Neurorestoratology
Volume 11 Issue 1,
March 2023
Article number: 100042
DOI: 10.1016/j.jnrt.2023.100042
Cite this article:
Zhao J, Li Q, Ouyang X, et al. The effect of CX3CL1/CX3CR1 signal axis on microglia in central nervous system diseases. Journal of Neurorestoratology, 2023, 11(1): 100042. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnrt.2023.100042

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Received: 23 October 2022
Revised: 02 January 2023
Accepted: 08 January 2023
Published: 21 January 2023
© 2023 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of Tsinghua University Press.

This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).
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