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Review | Open Access

The role of maternal immune activation in immunological and neurological pathogenesis of autism

CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Proteomics of Shandong Province, Department of Geriatrics, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shangdong, China
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Abstract

The growing body of evidence associates infections during pregnancy and other inflammatory insults with developing neurodevelopmental and neurodevelopmental disorders in children, especially autism spectrum disorder. We review the specific roles that maternal immune activation (MIA) plays in the pathogenesis of autism, the critical cytokines involved, epigenetic factors, maternal antibodies and gender bias, and how MIA affects fetal neurodevelopment in the immune and neurological pathways. A comprehensive understanding of the profound impact of MIA on fetal neurodevelopment is vital for developing diagnostic criteria and medical measures for high-risk maternity and the development of treatments for multiple offspring neurodevelopmental disorders caused by maternal inflammation.

Keywords

Maternal immune activationNeuroimmuneAutism spectrum disorer

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Journal of Neurorestoratology
Volume 11 Issue 1,
March 2023
Article number: 100030
DOI: 10.1016/j.jnrt.2022.100030
Cite this article:
Liu K, Huang Y, Zhu Y, et al. The role of maternal immune activation in immunological and neurological pathogenesis of autism. Journal of Neurorestoratology, 2023, 11(1): 100030. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnrt.2022.100030

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Received: 12 June 2022
Revised: 20 September 2022
Accepted: 26 October 2022
Published: 15 November 2022
© 2022 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of Tsinghua University Press.

This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
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