Temperature-dependent thermal conductivity and fuel performance of UN-UO₂ and UN-X-UO₂ (X=Mo, W) composite nuclear fuels by finite element modeling

The temperature-dependent effective thermal conductivity of UN-X-UO₂ (X = Mo, W) nuclear fuel composite was estimated. Following the experimental design, the thermal conductivity was calculated using Finite Element Modeling (FEM), and compared with analytical models for 10%, 30%, 50%, and 70% (in mass) uncoated/coated UN microspheres in a UO₂ matrix. The FEM results show an increase in the fuel thermal conductivity as the mass fraction of the UN microspheres increases from 1.2 to 4.6 times the UO₂ reference at 2,000 K. The results from analytical models agree with the thermal conductivity estimated by FEM. The results also show that Mo and W coatings have similar thermal behaviors, and the coating thickness influences the thermal conductivity of the composite. At higher weight fractions, the thermal conductivity of the fuel composite at room temperature is substantially influenced by the high thermal conductivity coatings approaching that of UN. Thereafter, the thermal conductivity from FEM was used in the fuel thermal performance evaluation during LWR normal operation to calculate the maximum centerline temperature. The results show a significant decrease in the fuel maximum centerline temperature ranging from −94 K for 10% UN to −414 K for 70% (in mass) UN compared to UO₂ under the same operating conditions.