Tuning the nucleation kinetics of phosphate chemical conversion coating on Mg-Gd-Y-Zr magnesium alloy: The effect of pretreatment and organic additive

In order to obtain a more protective phosphate conversion coating with a denser architecture, the nucleation kinetics of phosphate chemical conversion coating on Mg-Gd-Y-Zr magnesium alloy was tuned in this work. A pretreatment process was proposed and organic additives were incorporated, which aims at increasing the ionic produce (J_sp) at the interface for increasing σ, and decreasing the critical ionic product (J_C,sp), respectively. Results prove that the pretreatment of bare alloys in a phosphate bath could increase the ion products of MgHPO₄ / MnHPO₄. The addition of benzalkonium chloride could neutralize the charges of crystals, and in turn promote the nucleation kinetics. A denser and more protective conversion coating could consequently be obtained.