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Review | Open Access

Personalized immunization against Mpox Clades I and Ib: Strategies to combat the emerging epidemic

Deepak Kumara, Rishabha Malviyaa,b( ), Shriyansh Srivastavaa( ), Sathvik Belagodu Sridharc, Sirajunisa Talathc, Javedh Shareefc, Bhupendra G. Prajapatid,e
Department of Pharmacy, School of Medical and Allied Sciences, Galgotias University, Greater Noida 203201, India
Galgotias Multi-Disciplinary Research & Development Cell (G-MRDC), Galgotias University, Greater Noida 201308, U.P., India
RAK College of Pharmacy, RAK Medical & Health Sciences University, Ras al Khaimah 11172, United Arab Emirates
Department of Pharmaceutics, Shree S. K. Patel College of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Ganpat University, Mehsana 384012, India
Faculty of Pharmacy, Silpakorn University, Nakhon Pathom 73000, Thailand
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Highlights

• MVA-BN (JYNNEOS) vaccine reduced infection by 65% in high-risk patients within 7 days and 79% by day 14.

• The WHO recommends LC16-KMB for high-risk groups in Mpox-affected areas, suitable for pre- and post-exposure use.

• Comparative studies show MVA-BN as the leading U.S. vaccine with strong efficacy and minimal side effects.

• The OrthopoxVac, a fourth-generation vaccine, offers expanded protection against orthopoxvirus infections and it is used in Russia.

• The SMART clinical trial in Africa aims to assess the efficacy of MVA-BN for post-exposure prophylaxis, particularly in household exposures.

Abstract

Mpox, formerly known as monkeypox, is a zoonotic virus of the Orthopoxvirus genus, with recent outbreaks of Clade I and Ib in Central Africa presenting a considerable global health threat. This study reviews current Mpox immunization approaches, focusing on the MVA-BN, LC16-KMB, and OrthopoxVac vaccines. MVA-BN vaccination has been successful in lowering infection risks, particularly in high-risk individuals and is widely used in the USA. LC16-KMB is recommended by the World Health Organization for prevention in afflicted regions. OrthopoxVac, a newer vaccination authorized in Russia, provides wide protection. Adapting vaccination approaches based on epidemiology in particular areas is critical for minimizing Mpox outbreaks.

Keywords

OrthopoxvirusClade IbMVA-BNLC16-KMBOrthopoxVacGlobal outbreak

References

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Infectious Medicine
Volume 4 Issue 1,
March 2025
Article number: 100166
DOI: 10.1016/j.imj.2025.100166

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Kumar D, Malviya R, Srivastava S, et al. Personalized immunization against Mpox Clades I and Ib: Strategies to combat the emerging epidemic. Infectious Medicine, 2025, 4(1): 100166. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.imj.2025.100166

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Received: 13 November 2024
Revised: 29 November 2024
Accepted: 06 December 2024
Published: 01 March 2025
© 2025 The Author(s).

This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)