Research progress on the mechanisms and animal models of Ménière’s disease

Ménière’s disease is a prevalent chronic condition that triggers a range of vestibular and auditory symptoms. Despite significant advances in mechanisms such as genetic susceptibility, immunity, and allergy, a clear understanding of its core pathophysiology has not been established, and a consistent theoretical framework is still lacking. In this review, we discuss the advantages and disadvantages of recent animal models of Ménière’s disease, advances in mechanistic studies on Ménière’s disease, and current treatment approaches. This discussion aims to provide a reference for future research on the mechanisms of Ménière’s disease.