Lipid metabolism involved in progression and drug resistance of breast cancer

Breast cancer is the most common malignant tumor threatening women's health. Alteration in lipid metabolism plays an important role in the occurrence and development of many diseases, including breast cancer. The uptake, synthesis, and catabolism of lipids in breast cancer cells are significantly altered, among which the metabolism of fatty acids, cholesterols, sphingolipids, and glycolipids are most significantly changed. The growth, progression, metastasis, and drug resistance of breast cancer cells are tightly correlated with the increased uptake and biosynthesis of fatty acids and cholesterols and the up-regulation of fatty acid oxidation. Cholesterol and its metabolite 27-hydroxycholesterol promote the progression of breast cancer in a variety of ways. The alteration of lipid metabolism could promote the epithelial–mesenchymal transition of breast cancer cells and lead to changes in the tumor immune microenvironment that are conducive to the survival of cancer cells. While the accumulation of ceramide in cancer cells shows an inhibitory effect on breast cancer. This review focuses on lipid metabolism and elaborates on the research progress of the correlation between different lipid metabolism and the growth, progression, and drug resistance of breast cancer.