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Review Article | Open Access

tRNA-derived small RNAs: Mechanisms and potential roles in cancers

Yao Wanga,b, Qiuyan Wengb, Jiaxin Geb,c, Xinjun Zhangb,c, Junming Guoa,c,b ( ), Guoliang Yeb,c( )
Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, And Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Medical School of Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, PR China
Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University School of Medicine, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315020, PR China
Institute of Digestive Diseases of Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315020, PR China

Peer review under responsibility of Chongqing Medical University.

Show Author Information

Abstract

Transfer RNAs (tRNAs) are essential for protein synthesis. Mature or pre-tRNAs may be cleaved to produce tRNA-derived small RNAs (tsRNAs). tsRNAs, divided into tRNA-derived stress-induced RNA (tiRNAs) and tRNA-derived fragments (tRFs), play versatile roles in a number of fundamental biological processes. tsRNAs not only play regulatory roles in gene silencing, RNA stability, reverse transcription, and translation, but are also closely related to cell proliferation, migration, cell cycle, and apoptosis. Their abnormal expression is associated with the occurrence and development of various human diseases, especially cancer. This paper reviews the classification, biogenesis, and mechanism of action of tsRNAs, and the research progress to date on tsRNAs in cancers. These findings provide new opportunities for diagnostic biomarkers and treatment targets of several types of cancers including gastric cancer, colorectal cancer, hepatocellular carcinomas, pancreatic cancer, breast cancer, prostate cancer, renal cell carcinoma, ovarian cancer, lung cancer, bladder cancer, thyroid cancer, oral cancer, and leukemia.

Keywords

CancerBiomarkerGene expressiontRNAtsRNA

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Genes & Diseases
Volume 9 Issue 6,
November 2022
Pages 1431-1442
DOI: 10.1016/j.gendis.2021.12.009
Cite this article:
Wang Y, Weng Q, Ge J, et al. tRNA-derived small RNAs: Mechanisms and potential roles in cancers. Genes & Diseases, 2022, 9(6): 1431-1442. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gendis.2021.12.009

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Received: 18 October 2021
Revised: 08 December 2021
Accepted: 18 December 2021
Published: 10 January 2022
© 2022, Chongqing Medical University.

This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).
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