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Food Science and Human Wellness 2023, 12(3): 871-881 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fshw.2022.09.016
Research Article | Open Access | Issue | Published: 15 October 2022

Assessment of immune responses and intestinal flora in BALB/c mice model of wheat food allergy via different sensitization methods

Show Author's Information Chenglong Liu,  Chen Chen,  Xingyu Yan,  Shimin Gu,  Xin Jia,  Wenhui Fu,  Xiao Meng,  Wentong Xue( )
College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China

Peer review under responsibility of KeAi Communications Co., Ltd.

Keywords:
Intestinal flora, Allergy, Wheat gluten, BALB/c mice, Sensitization methods
Cite this article:
Liu C, Chen C, Yan X, et al. Assessment of immune responses and intestinal flora in BALB/c mice model of wheat food allergy via different sensitization methods. Food Science and Human Wellness, 2023, 12(3): 871-881. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fshw.2022.09.016
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Abstract Full text About this article

Increasing incidences showed that food allergies have attracted more and more attention from researchers. BALB/c mice were sensitized with wheat gluten combined with aluminum hydroxide adjuvant via intraperitoneal injection, transdermal sensitization, and oral gavage sensitization route. Results showed that all the three sensitization methods could induce allergic symptoms; increase the serum antibody (total immunoglobulin E (IgE), specific IgE, IgG, IgA) and histamine content; promote the secretion of Th2 cytokines (interleukin (IL)-4, IL-5, IL-13) and inflammatory factors (IL-6, IL-17A, IL-10); and inhibit the production of Th1 cytokines (IFN-γ, IL-2). However, the allergic symptoms of mice sensitized by intraperitoneal injection were the most obvious among the three models. The level of serum antibodies in intraperitoneal injection group was significantly higher than control. Subsequently, 16S rRNA sequencing technology was used to analyze the intestinal flora of mice. The results showed that the abundance of Firmicutes in the wheat protein sensitized group was lower than that in the normal group, while the abundance of Bacteroidetes was higher, and Lactobacillus was the difference marker in normal group. Bacterial species diversity analysis showed that the species richness and diversity of intestinal flora in mice were decreased, the difference between mice induced by intraperitoneal injection and normal control group mice was the most significant. Taken together, these results show that among three sensitization methods used to build a mouse model with aluminum hydroxide as adjuvant, intraperitoneal injection is the comparably best way to build a mouse sensitization mode.


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About this article

Assessment of immune responses and intestinal flora in BALB/c mice model of wheat food allergy via different sensitization methods

Show Author's information Chenglong Liu, Chen Chen, Xingyu Yan, Shimin Gu, Xin Jia, Wenhui Fu, Xiao Meng, Wentong Xue( )
College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China

Peer review under responsibility of KeAi Communications Co., Ltd.

Abstract

Increasing incidences showed that food allergies have attracted more and more attention from researchers. BALB/c mice were sensitized with wheat gluten combined with aluminum hydroxide adjuvant via intraperitoneal injection, transdermal sensitization, and oral gavage sensitization route. Results showed that all the three sensitization methods could induce allergic symptoms; increase the serum antibody (total immunoglobulin E (IgE), specific IgE, IgG, IgA) and histamine content; promote the secretion of Th2 cytokines (interleukin (IL)-4, IL-5, IL-13) and inflammatory factors (IL-6, IL-17A, IL-10); and inhibit the production of Th1 cytokines (IFN-γ, IL-2). However, the allergic symptoms of mice sensitized by intraperitoneal injection were the most obvious among the three models. The level of serum antibodies in intraperitoneal injection group was significantly higher than control. Subsequently, 16S rRNA sequencing technology was used to analyze the intestinal flora of mice. The results showed that the abundance of Firmicutes in the wheat protein sensitized group was lower than that in the normal group, while the abundance of Bacteroidetes was higher, and Lactobacillus was the difference marker in normal group. Bacterial species diversity analysis showed that the species richness and diversity of intestinal flora in mice were decreased, the difference between mice induced by intraperitoneal injection and normal control group mice was the most significant. Taken together, these results show that among three sensitization methods used to build a mouse model with aluminum hydroxide as adjuvant, intraperitoneal injection is the comparably best way to build a mouse sensitization mode.

Keywords: Intestinal flora, Allergy, Wheat gluten, BALB/c mice, Sensitization methods

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Publication history

Received: 10 June 2021
Revised: 12 August 2021
Accepted: 21 December 2021
Published: 15 October 2022
Issue date: May 2023

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© 2023 Beijing Academy of Food Sciences. Publishing services by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of KeAi Communications Co., Ltd.

Acknowledgements

Acknowledgements

This review is supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2019YFC1605000) and the National Natural Science Foundation (1872904).

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This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).

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