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Food Science and Human Wellness 2022, 11(5): 1111-1120 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fshw.2022.04.003
Review Article | Open Access | Issue | Published: 02 June 2022

Capsular polysaccarides of probiotics and their immunomodulatory roles

Show Author's Information Jing Lia,b,  Saisai Fenga,b,  Leilei Yua,b,  Jianxin Zhaoa,b,  Fengwei Tiana,b,  Wei Chena,b,c,  Qixiao Zhaia,b( )
State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China

Peer review under responsibility of KeAi Communications Co., Ltd.

Keywords:
Immunomodulation, Probiotics, Capsular polysaccharides, Bacteroides
Cite this article:
Li J, Feng S, Yu L, et al. Capsular polysaccarides of probiotics and their immunomodulatory roles. Food Science and Human Wellness, 2022, 11(5): 1111-1120. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fshw.2022.04.003
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Abstract Full text About this article

Studies have determined the immunomodulatory activities of cell-surface polysaccharides of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and Bacteroides; however, the mechanisms, synthesis, regulation, structure, and functional links have not been systematically discussed. We first introduce the structure of the capsular polysaccharides (CPSs) of commonly studied probiotics and Bacteroides. Wzx-Wzy dependent and ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter-dependent pathways are the two main biosynthesis and secretion of CPS pathways. The genes known to be associated with these two pathways are mainly those associated with priming glycosyltransferase (pGT); a variable number of genes encoding for different glycosyl transferases (GTs); Wzx/Wzy-encoding enzymes related to flippases and polymerases; and ABC-transporter genes. In addition, the effects of CPSs on host immunity as well as their related underlying mechanisms are described. Surface polysaccharides on probiotics can serve as a mask to aid in their escape from attacks from the host's immune system. In turn, they also exhibit immunomodulatory activities, such as strengthening the functions of macrophages, promoting the maturation of antigen-presenting cells, and inducing regulatory T cells. All of these effects of cell-surface polysaccharides exhibit their significant protective properties in immunocompromised diseases, such as colitis, arthritis, and dermatitis. Finally, we focused on their structure and functional links.


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About this article

Capsular polysaccarides of probiotics and their immunomodulatory roles

Show Author's information Jing Lia,b, Saisai Fenga,b, Leilei Yua,b, Jianxin Zhaoa,b, Fengwei Tiana,b, Wei Chena,b,c, Qixiao Zhaia,b( )
State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China

Peer review under responsibility of KeAi Communications Co., Ltd.

Abstract

Studies have determined the immunomodulatory activities of cell-surface polysaccharides of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and Bacteroides; however, the mechanisms, synthesis, regulation, structure, and functional links have not been systematically discussed. We first introduce the structure of the capsular polysaccharides (CPSs) of commonly studied probiotics and Bacteroides. Wzx-Wzy dependent and ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter-dependent pathways are the two main biosynthesis and secretion of CPS pathways. The genes known to be associated with these two pathways are mainly those associated with priming glycosyltransferase (pGT); a variable number of genes encoding for different glycosyl transferases (GTs); Wzx/Wzy-encoding enzymes related to flippases and polymerases; and ABC-transporter genes. In addition, the effects of CPSs on host immunity as well as their related underlying mechanisms are described. Surface polysaccharides on probiotics can serve as a mask to aid in their escape from attacks from the host's immune system. In turn, they also exhibit immunomodulatory activities, such as strengthening the functions of macrophages, promoting the maturation of antigen-presenting cells, and inducing regulatory T cells. All of these effects of cell-surface polysaccharides exhibit their significant protective properties in immunocompromised diseases, such as colitis, arthritis, and dermatitis. Finally, we focused on their structure and functional links.

Keywords: Immunomodulation, Probiotics, Capsular polysaccharides, Bacteroides

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Publication history

Received: 18 January 2021
Revised: 19 February 2021
Accepted: 10 March 2021
Published: 02 June 2022
Issue date: September 2022

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© 2022 Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.

Acknowledgements

Acknowledgements

This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China Program [31871773 and 31820103010]; the Key Scientific and Technological Research Projects in the Key Areas of the Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps [2018AB010]; National First-Class Discipline Program of Food Science and Technology [JUFSTR20180102]; the BBSRC Newton Fund Joint Centre Award; and Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province.

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